哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目前关于哮喘的诊断、流行病学、发病机制以及与鼻窦炎相关联的治疗的相关文献是重要的。哮喘是非常复杂的疾病，新的理论和治疗方法在不断涌现。哮喘在美国儿童和成人中日益流行，哮喘的严重程度由多种因素造成，如缺乏教育、不良的早期认知、对症状认识的降低以及不正确的药物和表型的改变。遗传变异、先天免疫基因、那些参与组织重塑和花生四烯酸代谢的因素以及炎症介质都有可能参与哮喘相关慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）的发病机制。此项内容广泛的综述对以下方面进行了纠正，包括对哮喘和鼻窦炎产生的负担观念、改变的固有免疫、适应性免疫、哮喘重塑、气道上皮细胞、气道平滑肌细胞的作用、联合变应性气道、遗传学、哮喘的一个组成部分以及 CRS。此外，综述还对维生素D对中老年和儿童人群中发生哮喘和CRS患者的作用以及各种治疗方案和呼出气一氧化氮作了简要介绍。
 

（林江涛 审校）
Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2014 Mar 28.. [Epub ahead of print]

 

Asthma linked with rhinosinusitis: An extensive review.
 

Frieri M.
 

Abstract
Current literature related to asthma diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment linked with rhinosinusitis is important.Asthma is very heterogeneous; new theories and treatments are emerging. It is a growing epidemic among children and adults in the United States and the severity of asthma is caused by many factors such as lack of education, poor early recognition, decreased symptom awareness, improper medications, and phenotypic changes. Genetic variation, innate immune genes, those involved in tissue remodeling and arachidonic acid metabolism, and inflammatory mediators might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) linked with asthma. This extensive review addresses concepts of the burden of asthma and sinusitis, altered innate immunity, adaptive immunity, asthma remodeling, the airway epithelium, the role of airway smooth muscle cells, united allergic airway, genetics, an integral part in asthma, and CRS. In addition, the role of vitamin D in both asthma and CRS in the elderly and pediatric population, various treatment options, and exhaled nitric oxide are briefly addressed.
 

Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2014 Mar 28.. [Epub ahead of print]