哮喘联盟

   摘要
   背景：氧化染发剂通常含有对苯二铵（PPD）及衍生物，它们是导致顾客和美发师迟发性超敏反应的常见原因。它们也被认为是导致职业性呼吸系统疾病的可能原因。虽然染发剂被广泛使用，但是关于PPD及相关衍生物引起哮喘、鼻炎和荨麻疹的报道很少。
   目的：描述与氧化染发剂相关的职业性哮喘、鼻炎或荨麻疹的患者特征，并评估诊断方法。
   方法：我们查阅了2001年1月到2011年5月31日期间芬兰职业健康协会的患者资料，以识别诊断为氧化染发剂相关的哮喘、鼻炎或荨麻疹的患者。哮喘和鼻炎的诊断基于染发产品的特殊吸入刺激试验。采用染发剂成分和染发剂产品及衍生物进行皮刺试验，它们可作为半抗原偶联人血清白蛋白。采用开放性皮肤测试确诊荨麻疹。
   结果：11位由于染发剂致病的美发师纳入研究，其中患有职业性哮喘者5例，鼻炎者5例，荨麻疹者3例。对于52种特殊吸入刺激，9例（17%）患者为阳性结果。一例给自己染发时发生过敏反应的患者对PPD和硫酸-2，5-二氨基甲苯皮刺试验阳性。
   结论：由于使用氧化染发剂，美发师存在患职业性哮喘、鼻炎和荨麻疹的风险。皮刺试验对检测PPD及相关物质引起的速发型超敏反应可能不敏感。
 

（刘国梁 审校）
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014 Jan;112(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 30.

 

Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria caused by oxidative hair dyes in hairdressers.
 

Helaskoski E1, Suojalehto H2, Virtanen H3, Airaksinen L2, Kuuliala O2, Aalto-Korte K2, Pesonen M2.
 

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oxidative hair dyes commonly contain paraphenylene diamine (PPD) and its derivatives, a well-known cause of delayed hypersensitivity among both consumers and hairdressers. They are also considered possible causes of occupational respiratory diseases. Despite the widespread use of hair dyes, there are only a few reports of asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria caused by PPD and related compounds.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize patients with occupational asthma, rhinitis, or contact urticaria associated with oxidative hair dyes and to evaluate the diagnostic methods.
METHODS: We reviewed the patient files of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for the period January 1, 2001, through May 31, 2011, to identify patients diagnosed as having asthma, rhinitis, or contact urticaria associated with oxidative hair dyes. The diagnoses of asthma and rhinitis were based on specific inhalation challenges with hair dye products. Skin prick tests were performed with hair dye ingredients as hapten conjugates of human serum albumin and with hair dye products and ingredients as is. Open skin tests confirmed the diagnosis of contact urticaria.
RESULTS: We describe 11 hairdressers with occupational asthma (5 cases), rhinitis (5 cases), and contact urticaria (3 cases) due to hair dyes. Of the 52 specific inhalation challenges performed, 9 (17%) had positive results. One patient who experienced an anaphylactic reaction when having her own hair dyed had positive skin prick test results to PPD and toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate.
CONCLUSION: Hairdressers are at risk for occupational asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria due to oxidative hair dyes. Skin prick testing may be insensitive for detecting immediate hypersensitivity to PPD and related compounds.
 

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014 Jan;112(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 30.