哮喘联盟

   摘要
   背景：遗传和环境与西班牙裔哮喘或3岁以下儿童哮喘的关系尚不清楚。
   目的：旨在通过在波多黎各3岁以下儿童中的纵向双生子研究评估遗传和环境与儿童早期哮喘的关系。
   方法：678例来自波多黎各人双胞胎登记处的双胞胎婴儿在1岁时接受哮喘评估，其中624例有随访至3岁的数据。应用微卫星DNA标记技术法鉴定卵型。3种1岁和3岁表型使用了结构方程模式：医生诊断的哮喘，在过去一年里哮喘药物的使用以及过去一年里因哮喘住院治疗≥1 次的患儿。另外，该模式根据早期生活环境香烟、烟雾暴露，性别和年龄进行了调整。
   结果：1岁时，医生诊断的哮喘,哮喘药物的使用和因哮喘住院治疗的发生率分别为11.6%、10.8%和4.9%，3岁时发生率分别为34.1%,40.1%和8.5%。共享环境的影响是医生诊断的哮喘的易感性和第一年哮喘用药产生变化的主要变量（84% ～86%),而遗传的影响导致3岁儿童所有表型的改变(45%～65%)。早期生活环境香烟、烟雾暴露，性别和年龄导致敏感性的改变。
   结论：波多黎各人的纵向双生子研究表明，共享环境的影响的改变对1岁和3岁儿童医生诊断的哮喘和哮喘药物的使用有一定作用。减少早期生活环境香烟、烟雾的暴露能够显著降低波多黎各人儿童哮喘的发病率。
 

（刘国梁 审校）
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 3;8(7):e68473. Print 2013.

 

A Twin Study of Early-Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans.
 

Bunyavanich S, Silberg JL, Lasky-Su J, Gillespie NA, Lange NE, Canino G, Celedόn JC.

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relative contributions of genetics and environment to asthma in Hispanics or to asthma in children younger than 3 years are not well understood.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative contributions of genetics and environment to early-childhood asthma by performing a longitudinal twin study of asthma in Puerto Rican children ≤3 years old.
METHODS: 678 twin infants from the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry were assessed for asthma at age 1 year, with follow-up data obtained for 624 twins at age 3 years. Zygosity was determined by DNA microsatellite profiling. Structural equation modeling was performed for three phenotypes at ages 1 and 3 years: physician-diagnosed asthma, asthma medication use in the past year, and ≥1 hospitalization for asthma in the past year. Models were additionally adjusted for early-life environmental tobacco smoke exposure, sex, and age.
RESULTS: The prevalences of physician-diagnosed asthma, asthma medication use, and hospitalization for asthma were 11.6%, 10.8%, 4.9% at age 1 year, and 34.1%, 40.1%, and 8.5% at 3 years, respectively. Shared environmental effects contributed to the majority of variance in susceptibility to physician-diagnosed asthma and asthma medication use in the first year of life (84%-86%), while genetic effects drove variance in all phenotypes (45%-65%) at age 3 years. Early-life environmental tobacco smoke, sex, and age contributed to variance in susceptibility.
CONCLUSION: Our longitudinal study in Puerto Rican twins demonstrates a changing contribution of shared environmental effects to liability for physician-diagnosed asthma and asthma medication use between ages 1 and 3 years. Early-life environmental tobacco smoke reduction could markedly reduce asthma morbidity in young Puerto Rican children.
 

PLoS One. 2013 Jul 3;8(7):e68473. Print 2013.