哮喘联盟

   摘要
   哮喘是一个以气道炎症、气流受限、气道高反应性和气道重建为特征的慢性疾病。有人认为哮喘是由于遗传和环境因素的相互作用导致的。全球近二十年里包括哮喘在内的过敏性疾病的患病率呈逐渐上升趋势。虽然导致该上升趋势的确切原因仍然未知，但饮食改变被认为是环境因素之一。类黄酮是一种多酚类植物的次级代谢产物，普遍存在于蔬菜、水果和饮料中，具有抗氧化、抗过敏和免疫调节作用。类黄酮是强效的抗氧化和抗过敏营养素，它可抑制化学介质的释放、Th2型细胞因子(如白介素IL-4和IL-3)的合成、以及高亲和性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)受体表达细胞(如肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞)中CD40配体的表达。类黄酮也可抑制IL-4诱导的信号传导，并通过其对芳基烃受体活化的抑制作用影响初始CD4+T细胞分化为效应T细胞。多个哮喘动物模型研究证实了类黄酮的获益作用。几项流行病学研究结果提示增加类黄酮的摄入对哮喘是有益的。此外，临床研究也显示类黄酮可有效改善哮喘相关症状。然而，目前在人类中的研究还是有限的；对于适当类黄酮的摄入是否可以成为饮食治疗和哮喘预防策略中的一部分，仍需进一步的研究阐明。
 

（刘国梁 审校）
Nutrients. 2013 Jun 10;5(6):2128-43. doi: 10.3390/nu5062128.

 

Flavonoids and asthma.
 

Tanaka T, Takahashi R.
 

Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease, characterized by airway inflammation, airflow limitation, hyper-reactivity and airway remodeling. It is believed that asthma is caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of allergic diseases, including asthma, has increased worldwide during the past two decades. Although the precise reasons that have caused this increase remain unknown, dietary change is thought to be one of the environmental factors. Flavonoids, which are polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites ubiquitously present in vegetables, fruits and beverages, possess antioxidant and anti-allergic traits, as well as immune-modulating activities. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants and anti-allergic nutrients that inhibit the release of chemical mediators, synthesis of Th2 type cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, and CD40 ligand expression by high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor-expressing cells, such as mast cells and basophils.They also inhibit IL-4-induced signal transduction and affect the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into effector T-cells through their inhibitory effect on the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Various studies of flavonoids in asthmatic animal models have demonstrated their beneficial effects. The results of several epidemiological studies suggest that an increase in flavonoid intake is beneficial for asthma. Moreover, clinical trials of flavonoids have shown their ameliorative effects on symptoms related to asthma. However, these human studies are currently limited; further validation is required to clarify whether an appropriate intake of flavonoids may constitute dietary treatment and for part of a preventive strategy for asthma.
 

Nutrients. 2013 Jun 10;5(6):2128-43. doi: 10.3390/nu5062128.