瘙痒的分子信号和靶点：对咳嗽的启示
2013/05/04
摘要
瘙痒是一种不舒适的感觉，会引起搔痒欲望以除去皮肤瘙痒的刺激物。咳嗽反射也是刺激的结果，其目的是将所谓的刺激物从气道移除去。咳嗽是否与瘙痒相类似？从解剖学上讲，二者的通路都受小直径的感觉纤维调节。这些调节咳嗽和瘙痒的感觉纤维激活后会释放神经肽，进而导致神经炎症。咳嗽和瘙痒也都涉及肥大细胞及其介质的脱颗粒释放。涉及慢性疾病发展的常见炎症反应和肥大细胞间的相互作用也参与了咳嗽和瘙痒的发生机制。本综述评价了瘙痒的解剖和分子机制，并将其与已知的咳嗽机制相比较。突出瘙痒和咳嗽的共同点可能有助于在这两个领域内创造新的思维和思考模式。
（林江涛 审校）
Cough. 2013 Mar 6;9(1):8. [Epub ahead of print]
Molecular signaling and targets from itch: lessons for cough.
Lavinka PC, Dong X.
Abstract
Itch is described as an unpleasant sensation that elicits the desire to scratch, which results in the removal of the irritant from the skin. The cough reflex also results from irritation, with the purpose of removing said irritant from the airway. Could cough then be similar to itch? Anatomically, both pathways are mediated by small-diameter sensory fibers. These cough and itch sensory fibers release neuropeptides upon activation, which leads to inflammation of the nerves. Both cough and itch also involve mast cells and their mediators, which are released upon degranulation. This common inflammation and interaction with mast cells are involved in the development of chronic conditions of itch and cough. In this review, we examine the anatomy and molecular mechanisms of itch and compare them to known mechanisms for cough. Highlighting the common aspects of itch and cough could lead to new thoughts and perspectives in both fields.
Cough. 2013 Mar 6;9(1):8. [Epub ahead of print]
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Chiari 畸形( I 型)：大龄儿童慢性咳嗽的非常见病因
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John Widdicombe对呼吸生理学和咳嗽的贡献：回忆录
