急诊室哮喘患儿激素吸入治疗的成本-效益分析
2012/08/28
摘要
目的:在急诊(ED)治疗时和ED治疗出院后的哮喘患儿中,研究3种激素吸入给药方式的临床疗效和成本-效益。
研究设计:采用决策树进行成本-效益分析,比较3种急诊治疗时的ICS给药方案:常规治疗(推荐患者进行门诊随访)、处方药(均处方ICS)、配药(均配以ICS)。基于预期的随访率、处方填补和用药顺应性,比较3组患者ED治疗1个月内哮喘发作后ED和住院的次数。此外,比较各组间的直接和间接哮喘开支。
结果:1个月内,每100例患者ED就诊次数,常规治疗组为10.6次、处方药组为9.4次、配药组为8.4次。每100例患者的住院次数分别为2.4、2.2和1.9次。每100例患者的哮喘开支分别为23400、20800和19100美元。包括父母误工导致的间接开支在内,每100例患者的总开支分别为27100、22000和20100美元。与常规治疗组相比,配药组每100例患者节约开支7000美元。
结论:决策分析模型显示,哮喘ED就诊时统一处方和配药能减少ED治疗1月内的ED就诊和住院次数,而且能显著减少相关医疗费用。
(林江涛 审校)
J Pediatr. 2012 Jun 18. [Epub ahead of print]
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Inhaled Corticosteroid Delivery for Children with Asthma in the Emergency Department.
Andrews AL, Teufel RJ 2nd, Basco WT Jr, Simpson KN.
Source
Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 3 inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) delivery options for children with asthma treated in and discharged from the emergency department (ED).
STUDY DESIGN: We conducted cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision tree to compare 3 ED-based ICS delivery options: usual care (recommending outpatient follow-up), prescribe (uniformly prescribing ICS), and dispense (uniformly dispensing ICS). Accounting for expected follow-up rates, prescription filling, and medication compliance, we compared projected rates of ED relapse visits and hospitalizations within 1 month of ED visit across all 3 arms. Direct and indirect costs were compared.
RESULTS: The model predicts that the rate of return to ED per 100 patients within 1 month of the ED visit was 10.6 visits for the usual care arm, 9.4 visits for the prescription arm, and 8.4 visits for the medication-dispensing arm. Rates of hospitalization per 100 patients were 2.4, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively. Direct costs per 100 patients for each arm were $23 400, $20 800, and $19 100, respectively. Including indirect costs related to missed parental work, total costs per 100 patients were $27 100, $22 000, and $20 100, respectively. Total cost savings per 100 patients comparing the usual care arm with the medication dispensing arm was $7000.
CONCLUSIONS: This decision analysis model suggests that uniform prescribing or dispensing of ICS at the time of ED visit for asthma may lead to a decreased number of ED visits and hospital admissions within 1 month of the sentinel ED visit and provides a substantial cost-savings.
J Pediatr. 2012 Jun 18. [Epub ahead of print]
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美国在职成人中哮喘与旷工的关系:来自2008年医疗费用调查小组的研究结果
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成人哮喘患者激素吸入降级治疗的标志物