底特律有哮喘病史儿童的家中灰尘过敏原与血清学特应性和致敏指标关系调查
2011/11/22
摘要
背景:家中过敏原的暴露,是导致过敏和随后过敏性哮喘加重的一个重要原因。本试验通过检测下述指标,研究过敏原暴露、免疫学指标和哮喘之间的关系:(1)家中灰尘过敏原水平;(2)家中过敏原与儿童致敏状态的关系;(3)哮喘状态和总IgE、特应性(Phadiatop检测)和阳性过敏原特异性检测。
方法:本研究方案获得北卡罗莱纳州大学机构审查委员会和环境保护署的人类研究方案办公室的批准。数据来自于问卷调查、血清分析和家庭灰尘分析。入选儿童(n = 205)主要是非洲裔美国人(AA) (85.4%),哮喘患儿占51.6%。收集114个家庭的灰尘样本和185名儿童的血清,分析血清总IgE抗体和猫、狗、蟑螂、屋尘螨、小鼠、大鼠和霉菌特异性IgE。
结果:60%的家庭在灰尘中检测到3种或3种以上的过敏原。过敏原特异性IgE测试显示,对屋尘螨、狗、猫、蟑螂、小鼠、大鼠和霉菌特异性IgE阳性的儿童比例分别为32%、28%、23%、18%、5%、4%和24~36%。对单个过敏原测试阳性的儿童同样对其他过敏原产生阳性反应。血清测试对猫、狗和屋尘螨抗原阳性结果的儿童,分别有51%、90%和92%的儿童在其家灰尘中检测到猫、狗和屋尘螨(Der f 1)过敏原。儿童特异性IgE水平与灰尘中狗过敏原(p <0.04)成线性关系,而与猫(p =0.12)和屋尘螨抗原(Der f 1)(p =0.21)无关。哮喘与血清猫、狗、屋尘螨、蟑螂和4种霉菌的特异性IgE之间关联的优势比均大于1.0。然而,哮喘患者和非哮喘患者间的室内过敏原暴露水平无显著差异。
结论:室内灰尘存在多种过敏原,加之儿童常常对多种过敏原致敏,由此可见,针对多种过敏原(宠物、昆虫和霉菌)的干预措施,较针对单一过敏原的措施要更为有效。
(林江涛 审校)
J Asthma. 2011 Sep;48(7):674-84. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
Allergens in household dust and serological indicators of atopy and sensitization in detroit children with history-based evidence of asthma.
Williams AH, Smith JT, Hudgens EE, Rhoney S, Ozkaynak H, Hamilton RG, Gallagher JE.
Source
Epidemiology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, NC , USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Home exposure to allergens is an important factor in the development of sensitization and subsequent exacerbations of allergic asthma. We investigated linkages among allergen exposure, immunological measurements, and asthma by examining (1) reservoir dust allergen levels in homes, (2) associations between presence of allergens in homes and sensitization status of resident children, and (3) associations between asthma status and total IgE, atopy (by Phadiatop), and positive allergen-specific tests.
METHODS:The study protocol was approved by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Westat, Inc.; and the US Environmental Protection Agency Human Research Protocol Office. Data were collected from questionnaires, serum analyses, and household vacuum dust. Children (n = 205) were predominately African American (AA) (85.4%) and 51.6% were asthmatic. Sera from 185 children and home dust samples (n = 141) were analyzed for total and specific IgE antibodies to allergens from cat and dog dander, cockroach, dust mites, mice, rats, and molds.
RESULTS:Sixty percent of the homes had detectable levels of three or more dust allergens. The proportions of children with positive allergen-specific IgE tests were dust mite (32%), dog (28%), cat (23%), cockroach (18%), mouse (5%), rat (4%), and molds (24-36%). Children testing positive to a single allergen also had positive responses to other allergens. Those children with positive serum tests for cat, dog, and dust mite lived in homes with detectable levels of cat (51%), dog (90%), and dust mite (Der f 1) (92%) allergens. Correlations between children’s specific IgE levels and dust levels were linearly related for dog (p < .04), but not for cat (p = .12) or dust mite (Der f 1) (p = .21). Odds ratios (95% CI) for the associations between asthma and serum-specific IgE were over 1.0 for cat, dog, dust mite (Der f 1), cockroach, and four types of molds. House dust allergen exposure levels, however, exhibited no differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic homes.
CONCLUSIONS:Both the co-occurrence of multiple allergens in dust and the high frequency of multiple allergen sensitizations indicate that a broad-based intervention aimed at reducing multiple allergens (pets, pests, and molds) would be more successful than any approach that aimed at reducing one type of allergen
J Asthma. 2011 Sep;48(7):674-84. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
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澳大利亚6~30岁人群的哮喘与外伤风险——基于人群的出生队列研究
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