遗传因素在哮喘患者肺功能下降中发挥作用的证据
2011/08/31
摘要
近期在寻找哮喘易感基因的研究中取得了巨大进展。哮喘患者中存在着不同类型的气道重构,包括平滑肌肥厚/增生、基底膜增厚和细胞外基质沉积增加。但是哮喘患者的气道重构是否也有遗传因素参与?来自不同鼠种的数据显示,遗传因素参与了气道重构的发生和进展。在人体内,采用哪种替代的气道重构标志用于遗传学研究至关重要。通过采用包括非重构机制在内的复杂的多因素相互作用,检测基线状态下FEV1和气道高反应性。然而,我们的结果显示,FEV1下降是气道重构的一个很强的标志物。目前,单核苷酸多态性分析显示,携带罕见等位基因的哮喘患者,ADAM33、ESR1、PLAUR和VEGF单核苷酸多态性与肺功能过度下降(-13.0至55.2 mL/y)相关。有趣的是,这些基因在气道蛋白水解通路中的功能具有重叠。越来越多的证据显示,遗传因素对哮喘患者气道重构的发展具有重要作用,更多对其他气道重构表现型的纵向研究和全基因组相关研究将会发现新的易感基因,这也有益于开发针对哮喘气道重构的靶向治疗。
(林江涛 审校)
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jul 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Evidence of a genetic contribution to lung function decline in asthma.
Koppelman GH, Sayers I.
Source
Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
There has been great progress in identifying new asthma susceptibility genes. In asthmatic subjects there is variable airway remodeling that includes features such as smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Does airway remodeling have a genetic contribution in asthma? Data from different murine strains suggest there is a genetic contribution to the development and progression of airway remodeling. In human subjects it is important to consider what surrogate markers of remodeling have been used in genetic studies. Baseline FEV(1) and airway hyperresponsiveness are determined by a complex interplay of factors, including nonremodeling mechanisms; however, we consider a decline in FEV(1) as a robust marker of remodeling. To date, single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning ADAM33, ESR1, PLAUR, and VEGF have been associated with an excess decline in lung function in asthmatic subjects carrying the rare alleles (FEV(1), -13.0 to 55.2 mL/y excess). Interestingly these genes have overlapping functions in proteolytic pathways in the airways. There is accumulating evidence that genetic factors are important in the development of airway remodeling in asthmatic subjects, and further longitudinal studies with additional remodeling phenotypes and genome-wide association studies will identify novel susceptibility genes, leading to new approaches to target remodeling in asthmatic subjects.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jul 11. [Epub ahead of print]
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小鼠后代表观遗传调控是微生物诱导的跨母体哮喘保护新机制
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哮喘患者支气管上皮屏障功能缺陷