瑞典西部成人期发作的哮喘:发病率、性别差异和职业暴露的影响
2011/08/30
摘要
本试验旨在研究成人期发作的哮喘发病率与年龄、性别、吸烟和职业暴露的相关性。通过呼吸问卷调查随机选取18087名16~75岁的研究对象。成人期发作的哮喘定义为医生诊断的16岁或以后发作的哮喘。询问患者哮喘诊断年龄、吸烟开始和终止的时间。16岁以前哮喘发作的患者以及医生诊断的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者并不在本研究之列。最终15761名患者入选本研究。计算成人期发作的哮喘发生率,采用Cox回归模型评价相对风险。在1990年至2008年的观察期内,359名新发病例,成人期发作哮喘的累积发生率为2.3%。成人期发作哮喘的发生率为1.4/1000人/年(95%CI:1.3/1000-1.6/1000),而且发病率在女性中更高。无吸烟史者哮喘发病率与有吸烟史者相似。随着年龄增加,哮喘发病率下降。职业性粉尘和烟雾暴露、女性与哮喘风险增加相关。职业性气体、灰尘和烟雾暴露的归因分数在整个组为9.4%,在男性为17.3%,在女性为5.1%。哮喘发病率女性高于男性,而且随着年龄增加而下降。而且相当一部分的新发病例与职业暴露相关。
(苏楠 审校)
Respir Med. 2011 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Adult-onset asthma in west Sweden - Incidence, sex differences and impact of occupational exposures.
Torén K, Ekerljung L, Kim JL, Hillström J, Wennergren G, Rönmark E, Lötvall J, Lundbäck B.
Source
Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Abstract
The aim was to estimate the incidence rate of adult-onset asthma in relation to age, sex, smoking and occupational exposures. A random sample of 18,087 subjects aged 16-75 years was investigated using a respiratory questionnaire. Adult-onset asthma was defined as "physician-diagnosed" asthma with onset at or after 16 years of age. The subjects were asked about year of asthma diagnosis and year of starting and stopping smoking. Subjects with onset of asthma before 16 years of age and physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded resulting in a study population of 15,761 subjects. Incidence-rates of adult-onset asthma were calculated and relative risks were assessed using Cox-regression models. During the observation period 1990-2008, 359 new cases of asthma occurred and the cumulative incidence for adult-onset asthma was 2.3%. The crude incidence rate was 1.4/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 1.3/1000-1.6/1000), with significantly higher incidence rate among women than among men. The incidence rate of asthma during never-smoking years was similar to that during smoking years. The rate of asthma incidence decreased with increasing age. Occupational dust and fume exposure and being female were associated with increased risk of asthma. The attributable fraction for occupational exposure to gas, dust and fumes was 9.4% in the total group, 17.3% among men and 5.1% among women. The incidence rate of asthma was higher among women than among men, and the rate declined with increasing age. A substantial proportion of the new-onset asthma cases could be attributed to occupational exposures.
Respir Med. 2011 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print]
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内毒素暴露和儿童期喘息和哮喘:对观察性研究的荟萃分析
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气道平滑肌Claudin-1表达加速哮喘患者气道重构