美国哮喘开支：2002～2007
2011/03/28
摘要
背景：哮喘的经济负担是研究哮喘对社会影响的重要指标。虽然哮喘治疗的开支较大，但对社会的总开支有超过10年未进行研究。
目的：本研究在个人和国家水平，对2002～2007年，增加的直接医疗开支和由哮喘的患病和死亡导致的生产能力丧失间接引起的开支进行估算。
方法：研究数据来自于医疗费用调查小组的研究。两部门模型用于估计哮喘增加的直接开支。增加的旷工天数和旷课天数，通过负二项回归进行估算，采用人力资本方法进行赋值。发表的数据用于评价哮喘作为基础疾病对生活的影响。
结果：2002～2007年，哮喘增加的直接开支为每人每年3259美元（2009美元）。每年因哮喘旷课/旷工导致的开支，工人为301美元，学生为93美元。对于最近一年的数据（2007年），社会因哮喘总增加的开支为560亿美元，而由哮喘患病导致生产力丧失引起的间接开支为38亿美元，因哮喘死亡导致的间接开支为21亿美元。
结论：本研究显示，估算的哮喘开支相当巨大，因此，有必要出台政策和进行研究，以减少哮喘经济负担。
（陈欣 审校）
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127(1):145-152.
Costs of asthma in the United States: 2002-2007.
Barnett SB, Nurmagambetov TA.
Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. hun8@cdc.gov
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The economic burden of asthma is an important measure of the effect of asthma on society. Although asthma is a costly illness, the total cost of asthma to society has not been estimated in more than a decade.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to provide the public with current estimates of the incremental direct medical costs and productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality from asthma at both the individual and national levels for the years 2002-2007.
METHODS: Data came from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Two-part models were used to estimate the incremental direct costs of asthma. The incremental number of days lost from work and school was estimated by negative binomial regressions and valued following the human capital approach. Published data were used to value lives lost with an underlying cause of asthma.
RESULTS: Over the years 2002-2007, the incremental direct cost of asthma was $3,259 (2009 dollars) per person per year. The value of additional days lost attributable to asthma per year was approximately $301 for each worker and $93 for each student. For the most recent year available, 2007, the total incremental cost of asthma to society was $56 billion, with productivity losses due to morbidity accounting for $3.8 billion and productivity losses due to mortality accounting for $2.1 billion.
CONCLUSION: The current study finds that the estimated costs of asthma are substantial, which stresses the necessity for research and policy to work toward reducing the economic burden of asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127(1):145-52.
背景：哮喘的经济负担是研究哮喘对社会影响的重要指标。虽然哮喘治疗的开支较大，但对社会的总开支有超过10年未进行研究。
目的：本研究在个人和国家水平，对2002～2007年，增加的直接医疗开支和由哮喘的患病和死亡导致的生产能力丧失间接引起的开支进行估算。
方法：研究数据来自于医疗费用调查小组的研究。两部门模型用于估计哮喘增加的直接开支。增加的旷工天数和旷课天数，通过负二项回归进行估算，采用人力资本方法进行赋值。发表的数据用于评价哮喘作为基础疾病对生活的影响。
结果：2002～2007年，哮喘增加的直接开支为每人每年3259美元（2009美元）。每年因哮喘旷课/旷工导致的开支，工人为301美元，学生为93美元。对于最近一年的数据（2007年），社会因哮喘总增加的开支为560亿美元，而由哮喘患病导致生产力丧失引起的间接开支为38亿美元，因哮喘死亡导致的间接开支为21亿美元。
结论：本研究显示，估算的哮喘开支相当巨大，因此，有必要出台政策和进行研究，以减少哮喘经济负担。
（陈欣 审校）
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127(1):145-152.
Costs of asthma in the United States: 2002-2007.
Barnett SB, Nurmagambetov TA.
Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. hun8@cdc.gov
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The economic burden of asthma is an important measure of the effect of asthma on society. Although asthma is a costly illness, the total cost of asthma to society has not been estimated in more than a decade.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to provide the public with current estimates of the incremental direct medical costs and productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality from asthma at both the individual and national levels for the years 2002-2007.
METHODS: Data came from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Two-part models were used to estimate the incremental direct costs of asthma. The incremental number of days lost from work and school was estimated by negative binomial regressions and valued following the human capital approach. Published data were used to value lives lost with an underlying cause of asthma.
RESULTS: Over the years 2002-2007, the incremental direct cost of asthma was $3,259 (2009 dollars) per person per year. The value of additional days lost attributable to asthma per year was approximately $301 for each worker and $93 for each student. For the most recent year available, 2007, the total incremental cost of asthma to society was $56 billion, with productivity losses due to morbidity accounting for $3.8 billion and productivity losses due to mortality accounting for $2.1 billion.
CONCLUSION: The current study finds that the estimated costs of asthma are substantial, which stresses the necessity for research and policy to work toward reducing the economic burden of asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127(1):145-52.
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一项成功的基于学校的哮喘教育和干预计划（Happy Air）
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美国康涅狄格州家庭环境评估项目有关的生活质量和成本效益分析
