基于全球哮喘防治倡议的哮喘严重程度及其决定因素:国际性研究
2010/02/03
背景:明确与严重哮喘相关的因素有助于了解哮喘的病因及其发展机制。本文采用全球哮喘防治倡议(GINA)分类法描述哮喘严重程度,并研究哮喘严重程度的决定因素。本试验是一项有关欧洲人群的横断面研究。
方法:在欧洲社区呼吸健康调查(1999~2002)中,1,241名成人哮喘患者入选。哮喘严重程度采用2002GINA分类法(间歇性、轻度持续性、中度持续性、重度持续性),运用多重选择模型研究严重程度与潜在决定因素的关系,将间歇性哮喘组患者作为参考,计算相对危险率。
结果:30%哮喘患者诊断为中度至重度哮喘。对芽枝菌属敏感的患者患持续性哮喘(轻度、中度、重度)的风险是患间歇性哮喘风险的5倍以上。持续性哮喘与对屋尘螨敏感、非季节性哮喘、哮喘发病年龄较晚、慢性咳嗽及黏痰呈正相关。对猫过敏仅能增加患严重哮喘的风险。在男性人群中,吸烟与哮喘严重程度高度相关。而在女性人群中,鼻炎则与哮喘严重程度显著相关。
结论:约1/3的哮喘患者为中度至重度哮喘。对室内过敏原(特别是芽孢菌属)敏感与哮喘严重程度显著相关。吸烟及鼻炎与哮喘严重程度的关系与性别有关,但需更多的研究证实。
(苏楠 审校)
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010;151(1):70-9. Epub 2009 Aug 7.
Asthma severity according to Global Initiative for Asthma and its determinants: an international study.
Cazzoletti L, Marcon A, Corsico A, Janson C, Jarvis D, Pin I, Accordini S, Bugiani M, Cerveri I, Gislason D, Gulsvik A, de Marco R; Therapy and Health Economics Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.
Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
BACKGROUND: The identification of the factors associated with severe asthma may shed some light on its etiology and on the mechanisms of its development. We aimed to describe asthma severity using the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) classification and to investigate its determinants in a cross-sectional, population-based sample in Europe.
METHODS: In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (1999-2002), 1,241 adults with asthma were identified. Severity was assessed using the 2002 GINA classification (intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent) and it was related to potential determinants by a multinomial logistic model, using the intermittent group as the reference category for relative risk ratios.
RESULTS: About 30% of asthmatic subjects were affected by moderate-to-severe asthma. Sensitization to Cladosporium was associated with a more than 5-fold greater risk of having (mild, moderate or severe) persistent asthma than intermittent asthma. Persistent asthma was positively associated with sensitization to house dust mite, nonseasonal asthma, an older age at asthma onset, and chronic cough and phlegm. Sensitization to cat increased the risk of severe asthma only. Smoking was more strongly associated with asthma severity in men, while rhinitis was more strongly associated with asthma severity in women.
CONCLUSIONS: One third of the asthmatic population have moderate-to-severe asthma. Sensitization to perennial indoor allergens, particularly Cladosporium, is strongly associated with asthma severity. The role of smoking and rhinitis in determining asthma severity may differ between the sexes, and it should be further investigated.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010;151(1):70-9. Epub 2009 Aug 7.
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