白三烯受体拮抗剂及合成抑制剂治疗哮喘的疗效
2009/09/17
半胱氨酰白三烯是哮喘反应的重要介质,它们是已知的最强的支气管收缩剂。运动后吸入过敏原,或者阿司匹林敏感的哮喘患者服用阿司匹林后能诱导半胱氨酰白三烯的释放。吸入过敏原后释放的半胱氨酰白三烯能趋化炎症细胞向气道迁移并促进骨髓嗜酸性粒细胞的产生。白三烯抑制剂能有效降低哮喘患者对上述刺激产生的反应,在持续性哮喘的治疗中也起到一定作用。对于吸入低剂量糖皮质激素(ICS)治疗的患者,上述药物也是一种选择。对于那些不能或不愿意使用ICS的患者(常常是担心ICS治疗的副作用),尤其在儿童中,适合采用上述药物治疗。白三烯受体拮抗剂也可作为吸入长效β2激动剂治疗患者的一个替代方案,与ICS联合使用。但是它们与ICS联合使用治疗哮喘的有效性要低于ICS和长效β2激动剂联合使用。此外,白三烯受体拮抗剂具有较好的使用安全性。
(陈欣 审校)
O’Byrne PM, Gauvreau GM, Murphy DM.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonists and synthesis inhibitors in asthma.
O’Byrne PM, Gauvreau GM, Murphy DM.
Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph’s Healthcare, and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University.
Cysteinyl leukotrienes are important mediators of asthmatic responses. They are the most potent bronchoconstrictors known; their release is triggered by exposure to inhaled allergens after exercise and after aspirin ingestion by subjects with aspirin-sensitive asthma. The cysteinyl leukotrienes promote inflammatory cell migration into the airways, as well as bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis after allergen inhalation. Leukotriene inhibitors are effective at attenuating asthmatic responses to all of these stimuli and are also effective at treating persistent asthma. These drugs are a viable alternative to low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment but should be reserved for patients who cannot or will not use ICSs, often because of concerns about potential side effects of ICS treatment, which limits their use, particularly in children. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are also alternatives to long-acting inhaled beta(2)-agonists as add-on therapy to ICSs, but their efficacy together with ICSs is less than that of ICS/long-acting inhaled beta(2)-agonist combinations. Leukotriene receptor antagonists have an excellent safety profile.
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新的磷酸二酯酶3抑制剂NT-702(盐酸帕罗格列,NM-702)通过支气管扩张和抗炎作用抑制豚鼠哮喘
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Acu-TENS对哮喘患者运动后呼气肺容量的影响:随机对照研究