sGaw、FEF(25-75)和FEV1在乙酰甲胆碱吸入激发反应阴性的患者中对哮喘发生的预测价值
2009/06/24
背景:在乙酰甲胆碱吸入激发试验(MCT)中,第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)变化20%是哮喘诊断的一个可靠指标。若FEV1< 20%,气流速度和传导性的变化是否具有诊断价值尚存在争议。本研究通过3年的随访,在MCT试验阴性人群中研究sGaw、FEF25 – 75和FEV1的变化在预测未来哮喘发生中的作用。
方法:100名连续就诊的哮喘疑似患者入选本研究,MCT试验检测均为阴性(16 mg/mL乙酰甲胆碱不能激发FEV1下降超过20%)。两名肺科医生对患者病例进行分析。研究对象分为三组:哮喘患者、诊断不明者和非哮喘患者。收集三组患者的sGaw、FEF(25 - 75)和FEV1下降值。采用方差分析(ANOVA)进行统计学检验。
结果:100名患者中,23名因失访,数据未纳入统计。各组患者数如下:哮喘组15名、诊断不明组7名、非哮喘组55名。MCT阴性患者sGaw和FEF(25 - 75)的下降不能预测哮喘,而FEV1的下降与未来出现的哮喘具有相关性(sGaw P = 0.21;FEF25-75 P = 0.07;FEV1 P = 0.0009)。43%的患者FEV1下降在10%~20%之间,这些患者将来可能出现哮喘。
结论:在有哮喘相关症状、但MCT试验阴性的患者中,接近20%的患者将来会发展成为哮喘。这些患者sGaw和FEF(25-75)的下降对MCT阴性无临床显著意义。而FEV1的下降,尤其是对介于10%~20%之间的患者,与将来哮喘的诊断有关。
(林江涛 审校)
Khalid I, et al. J Asthma. 2009 Apr;46(3):284-290.
Predictive value of sGaw, FEF(25-75), and FEV1 for development of asthma after a negative methacholine challenge test.
BACKGROUND: A 20% change in forced expiratory volume in 1 seco
nd (FEV(1)) during methacholine challenge testing (MCT) is a reliable marker of asthma. When the FEV(1) decrease is < 20%, there is controversy whether other changes in flows and conductance may be useful. We conducted this study to determine whether changes in sGaw, FEF(25 - 75), and FEV(1) in a negative MCT could predict future occurrence of asthma over a 3-year period.
METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of asthma but who had a negative MCT per ATS FEV(1) criteria (< 20% FEV(1) decline at 16 mg/mL of methacholine) performed by the 5-breath dosimeter method were analyzed. Two pulmonary fellows, blinded to MCT results, reviewed the patients’ medical records. Patients were classified into one of three categories: asthmatic, unclear, and not asthmatic. Decreases in sGaw, FEF(25 - 75), and FEV(1) in the five groups were then retrieved. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: Of 100 patients, 23 were excluded owing to lack of a 3-year follow-up. After complete data review, the number of patients (n) in each group was as follows: asthmatic (n = 15), unclear (n = 7), and not asthmatic (n = 55). sGaw and FEF(25 - 75) decreases from the negative MCT could not predict asthma; however, decreases in FEV(1) were associated with future asthma occurrence (sGaw p = 0.21, FEF25-75 p = 0.07, FEV(1) p = 0.0009). Forty-three percent of the patients who had a 10% to 20% decline in FEV(1) eventually developed asthma.
CONCLUSION: Up to 20% of patients who have symptoms suggestive of asthma but a negative MCT can still develop asthma. Declines in sGaw and FEF(25 - 75) in a negative MCT appear to have no clinical significance. A decrease in FEV(1), especially 10% to 20%, is associated with the diagnosis of future asthma.
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哮喘患者的危险因素和预后评估
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体重指数和儿童哮喘诊断的准确性