哮喘:我们监测的指标是否正确?
2009/05/27
哮喘是一种常见的呼吸道慢性炎症性疾病,在过去的25~30年内,其发病率急剧上升,特别是在儿童中增加最快。目前,有超过2千2百万的美国人患有哮喘,并且哮喘在全球范围内都具有较高的发病率和死亡率。每年,由于哮喘治疗及由其引起的工作能力下降或丧失导致的直接和间接经济损失高达到160亿美元, 同时损失超过1400万个工作日。哮喘每年导致约180万的急诊就诊量和50万次的住院治疗。
因此,对疾病活动性的监测和评价对于改善哮喘患者的临床预后和经济支出均具有重要意义。为了方便哮喘的评价和监测,医生和医疗保险机构以循证指南为基础,对疾病严重程度进行分类,以指导哮喘的治疗和对哮喘的控制程度进行评价。2007年8月,全国哮喘教育与预防项目(NAEPP)基于对哮喘病理生理学的深入研究和新的治疗药物的开发,更新了哮喘指南。该指南调高了建立哮喘严重程度分类的重要程度,其中包括功能障碍和患病风险,以及哮喘控制水平等方面。尽管有NAEPP及其它的哮喘指南,目前对哮喘的控制仍然未达到最佳水平。虽然现有许多临床监测措施和患者自评措施可供选择,但对哮喘患者的最佳监测方案尚未确定。为了判断哮喘是否得到有效控制,需要综合采用多种监测手段,其中应该包括临床评价和患者自评。
(苏楠 审校)
Cardarelli WJ. Popul Health Manag. 2009 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Asthma: Are We Monitoring the Correct Measures?
The prevalence of asthma, a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, has risen sharply over the past 25-30 years, with the biggest increase found in children. Currently, more than 22 million Americans have asthma. Asthma also is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Each year, asthma is responsible for $16 billion in direct and indirect costs due to health care utilization and loss of productivity, with over 14 million missed workdays. Asthma also accounts for almost 1.8 million emergency room visits and almost 500,000 hospitalizations annually. Therefore, assessment and monitoring of disease activity is critical to improve clinical and economic outcomes for patients with asthma. To help in this endeavor, practitioners and payers rely on evidence-based guidelines to classify disease severity, to guide treatment decisions, and to assess the degree of asthma control. In August 2007, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) updated its guidelines based on greater knowledge of disease pathophysiology and the development of newer therapeutic agents. This includes an increased emphasis on the need to establish disease severity, including the components of impairment and risk, as well as on the level of asthma control. Despite the availability of the NAEPP and other guidelines, asthma control often remains suboptimal. While numerous clinical and patient-reported measures are available, it is clear that the optimal monitoring schema for patients with asthma remains undefined. To clearly establish whether asthma control is attained, multiple measures are required and should include clinical and patient-reported assessments.
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青少年患者中特异性呼吸音对哮喘的预测价值
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