变态反应性疾病的初级预防
2008/02/07
变态反应性疾病是一个公共卫生问题，实质问题是提供不断发展的预防策略。大部分的危险因素已经被确定，但是还有一些没有被确定。对高危的婴儿改变其膳食结构可以预防食物过敏。有证据建议在婴儿出生的前4个月仅给予母乳喂养，似乎可以预防婴儿异位性皮炎的发生和幼儿早期的喘息。对所有婴儿都应该鼓励母乳喂养，因为有这些益处。在预防变态反应性疾病方面，水质配方不能替代母乳。对高危婴幼儿，必要时应该建议将水质配方作为母乳的补充方法。部分水质配方可以是比较合理的替代品，但是还需要有更多的研究证实。
目前没有证据证实妊娠期间避免变应性食物能减少儿童变态反应性疾病的发生。但是孕妇避免食物和气传变应原似乎可以减少幼儿早期的喘鸣、异位性皮炎和哮喘。对那些有可能生育高危过敏症后代的母亲，通过医学管理使这样的母亲在哺乳期避免过敏性食物是应该做的唯一方法。
目前没有证据证实妊娠期间避免变应性食物能减少儿童变态反应性疾病的发生。但是孕妇避免食物和气传变应原似乎可以减少幼儿早期的喘鸣、异位性皮炎和哮喘。对那些有可能生育高危过敏症后代的母亲，通过医学管理使这样的母亲在哺乳期避免过敏性食物是应该做的唯一方法。
（苏楠 卫生部中日友好医院呼吸内科100029 摘译）
(Acta Med Port. 2007 ：20：215-219)
(Acta Med Port. 2007 ：20：215-219)
[Primary prevention of allergic disease]
Ferreira M, Coelho R, Trindade JC.[Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital
Ferreira M, Coelho R, Trindade JC.[Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital
Fernando Fonseca, Amadora.]
Acta Med Port. 2007 May-Jun;20(3):215-9. Epub 2007 Jul 2.
Allergic diseases are a major public health problem. It is essential to
Acta Med Port. 2007 May-Jun;20(3):215-9. Epub 2007 Jul 2.
Allergic diseases are a major public health problem. It is essential to
develop prevention strategies applied to it. A number of risk factors
have been identified,but some are still under contradictory. Changing
the dietary pattern of the at-risk infant may prevent food allergy.
Evidence suggests that exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4-months
seems to protect against atopic dermatitis in infants and early childhood
wheezing.Breast-feeding should be encouraged for all infants because of
all its well known benefits. Hydrolyzed formulas cannot substitute breast
milk on the prevention of allergic diseases. Extensively hydrolysed
formulas should be encouraged as a supplement to breast milk in high-risk
infants whenever necessary. Partially hydrolysed formulas may be a
reasonable substitute, but more studies are necessary. There is no evidence
that avoiding allergenic foods during pregnancy will reduce the incidence
of allergenic diseases in child. Avoidance food and aeroallergen seems
effective in reducing early childhood wheeze, atopic dermatitis and asthma.
Maternal avoidance of allergenic foods during lactation should only be
undertaken under medical supervision by highly motivated mothers with a
high risk of allergy in the offspring.
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