巴西甘蔗种植区哮喘住院病例和大量生物体燃烧导致空气污染的关系
2007/08/01
研究目的在于评估Araraquara市收获前期的甘蔗燃烧产生的总悬浮颗粒(total suspended particles; TSPs)和因哮喘入院的关系。采用社会生态学时间系列研究。2003年3月23日至2004年7月27日哮喘的每日入院量由巴西São Paulo州的一家大医院提供。每日TSP浓度由安放在Araraquara市中心的Handi-vol设备(巴西Energética生产)获得。当地机场提供每日的温度和湿度。每日哮喘的住院量被认为是呈泊松分布(Poisson’s regression models)的因变量，每日TSP的浓度被认为是自变量。生成了自然3次多项式样条函数(natural cubic spline, NCS)的线性模型，由对照组为其长期趋势进行了校准，天气因素为线性项。
结果显示TSP对哮喘的住院量有急性的效应，这种效应发生于TSP浓度升高后的第1天并且将持续4天而无明显变化。5日均数的10 毫克/立方米TSP的升高将导致哮喘入院量升高11.6% 。Araraquara市TSP浓度的升高和哮喘的住院量呈明确的关系。
在巴西的大城市应用甘蔗来源的酒精作为汽车燃料用以减少空气污染，然而，甘蔗产业的繁荣是以公众的健康为代价的。
（韩福军 广州医学院第一附属医院 广州呼吸疾病研究所 510120 摘译）
(J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 ;61:395-400)
Arbex MA, Martins LC, de Oliveira RC, Pereira LA, Arbex FF, Cançado JE, Saldiva PH, Braga AL.
Air pollution from biomass burning and asthma hospital admissions in a sugar cane plantation area in Brazil.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 May;61(5):395-400
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the total suspended particles (TSPs) generated from preharvest sugar cane burning and hospital admission due to asthma (asthma hospital admissions) in the city of Araraquara.
DESIGN: An ecological time-series study. Total daily records of asthma hospital admissions (ICD 10th J15) were obtained from one of the main hospitals in Araraquara, S?o Paulo State, Brazil, from 23 March 2003 to 27 July 2004. The daily concentration of TSP (microg/m(3)) was obtained using Handi-vol equipment (Energética, Brazil) placed in downtown Araraquara. The local airport provided the daily mean figures of temperature and humidity. The daily number of asthma hospital admissions was considered as the dependent variable in Poisson’s regression models and the daily concentration of TSP was considered the independent variable. The generalised linear model with natural cubic spline was adopted to control for long-time trend. Linear terms were used for weather variables.
RESULTS: TSP had an acute effect on asthma admissions, starting 1 day after TSP concentrations increased and remaining almost unchanged for the next four days. A 10 microg/m(3) increase in the 5-day moving average (lag1-5) of TSP concentrations was associated with an increase of 11.6% (95% CI 5.4 to 17.7) in asthma hospital admissions.
CONCLUSION: Increases in TSP concentrations were definitely associated with asthma hospital admissions in Araraquara and, despite using sugar cane alcohol to reduce air pollution from automotive sources in large Brazilian urban centres, the cities where sugar cane is harvested pay a high toll in terms of public health.
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职业性哮喘和劳力加重性哮喘
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哮喘发病率与家族中成员人数及出生次序的关系
