金标准计划:针对弱势吸烟者的戒烟干预措施在现实生活中有效
2012/08/28
摘要
目的:研究针对戒烟干预的循证金标准项目(GSP)在弱势患者中的作用,寻找能产生最高戒断率的可调节因子。
设计:观察性前瞻性队列研究。
研究机构:丹麦国家戒烟数据库中药房、医院和社区GSP。
参与者:弱势患者定义为受教育程度较低、接受失业救济的患者。
干预措施:接受过认证的人员进行为期6周的人工GSP戒烟干预措施。
主要检测结果:6个月的持续戒断,应答率:80%。
结果:16377名应答者中,持续戒断率为34%(所有20588名吸烟者中为27%)。5738名受教育程度较低的吸烟者(应答者为30%;所有受试者为23%)和840名失业者(应答者为27%;所有受试者为19%)中持续戒断率较低。有关可调节因素,在受教育程度较低的患者(34% vs 25%, P=0.037)和失业患者(35% vs 24%, P=0.099)中,与团体戒烟相比,一对一的形式进行戒烟干预的持续戒断率较高。在最后的多变量分析模型中,受教育程度较低的患者其干预形式这个变量的优势比为1.31(95% CI 1.05~1.63)。
结论:虽然弱势吸烟者中持续戒断率较低,但绝对差异较小。如果项目在弱势群体和非弱势群体中效果相似,每年分别会增加46名和8名戒烟者。在受教育程度较低的群体中促进个体干预能增加GSP的有效性。
(陈欣 审校)
Tob Control. 2012 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print]
The Gold Standard Programme: smoking cessation interventions for disadvantaged smokers are effective in a real-life setting.
Neumann T, Rasmussen M, Ghith N, Heitmann BL, Tønnesen H.
Source
WHO CC, Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the real-life effect of an evidence-based Gold Standard Programme (GSP) for smoking cessation interventions in disadvantaged patients and to identify modifiable factors that consistently produce the highest abstinence rates.
DESIGN :Observational prospective cohort study.
SETTING :GSPs in pharmacies, hospitals and communities in Denmark, reporting to the national Smoking Cessation Database.
PARTICIPANTS: Disadvantaged patients, defined as patients with a lower level of education and those receiving unemployment benefits.
INTERVENTIONS: 6-week manualised GSP smoking cessation interventions performed by certified staff.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 6 months of continuous abstinence, response rate: 80%.
RESULTS :Continuous abstinence of the 16 377 responders was 34% (of all 20 588 smokers: 27%). Continuous abstinence was lower in 5738 smokers with a lower educational level (30% of responders and 23% of all) and in 840 unemployed (27% of responders and 19% of all). In respect to modifiable factors, continuous abstinence was found more often after programmes in one-on-one formats (vs group formats) among patients with a lower educational level, 34% (vs 25%, p=0.037), or among unemployed, 35% (vs 24%, p=0.099). The variable ’format’ stayed in the final model of multivariable analyses in patients with a lower educational level, OR=1.31 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.63).
CONCLUSIONS: Although continuous abstinence was lower among disadvantaged smokers, the absolute difference was small. If the programme had been as effective in disadvantaged as in non-disadvantaged groups, there would have been an extra 46 or 8 quitters annually, respectively. Promoting individual interventions among those with a low education may increase the effectiveness of GSP.
Tob Control. 2012 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print]
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加强戒烟热线的有效性:寻找更好的辅助药物治疗的措施
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动机访谈鼓励无戒烟动机的吸烟者戒烟:随机、对照、有效性临床试验研究方法