口香糖对自我报告的尼古丁戒断的作用：是口味、咀嚼的作用？或是两者都有？
2010/02/23
据报道，通过咀嚼口香糖能减轻尼古丁戒断短时间内（3～4 h）戒断症状的严重程度（Cohen及其同事, 1997, 1999, & 2001）。本试验基于上述研究，通过在延长尼克丁戒断期间调查咀嚼口香糖对尼克丁戒断症状严重程度的影响寻求以上线性关系，并辨别与咀嚼胶相关的，可能导致戒断率下降的特殊因素。这些特殊因素包括咀嚼、口味、以及两者联合，对这三种因素进行独立检验。
纳入24例吸烟者，试验组吸烟者分别给予无味道的口香糖、有味道条带及加香味的口香糖，对照者不作处理。研究持续4周，每周戒烟至少24小时。采用重复测量单因素方差分析法。
受试者组间戒断症状严重程度存在显著差异（F(3, 69)=2.89, P<.05）。随访分析显示，与无味道口香糖组和对照组相比，有味道口香糖能显著降低戒断症状评分。
上述结果显示，咀嚼口香糖有益于在尼古丁戒断24小时期间减轻戒断症状，而且这种作用可能与口香糖咀嚼及其味道相关。
（陈欣 审校）
Addict Behav. 2009 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
The effect of chewing gum on self-reported nicotine withdrawal: Is it the flavor, the act of chewing, or both?
Cortez-Garland M, Cohen LM, Vanderveen JW, Cook K.
A healthy alternative that has been shown to lessen the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms during brief periods of nicotine abstinence (e.g., 3-4h) is confectionary chewing gum (Cohen and colleagues, 1997, 1999, & 2001). The current study sought to build upon this line of research by examining the impact of chewing gum on nicotine withdrawal severity over an extended period of nicotine abstinence (e.g., 24h) while also identifying the specific attributes of chewing gum that may be responsible for the reported decreases in withdrawal. Specifically, the acts of chewing, flavor, as well as the combination of the two, were independently examined. Twenty-four dependent cigarette smokers participated in three experimental conditions (e.g., a flavorless gum base, flavor strips, and flavored chewing gum) as well as a no product control across four weeks while abstaining from smoking for 24h each week. Using repeated measures ANOVAs, a significant difference in withdrawal severity was reported by participants across conditions, F(3, 69)=2.89, p<.05. Follow-up analyses revealed that the flavored gum condition yielded significantly lower withdrawal scores than the flavorless gum base and no product control conditions. These findings indicate that chewing gum appears useful in lessening the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms over a 24-hour period of nicotine abstinence and that it is a combination of flavor and chewing that appears to lead to this effect.
Cortez-Garland M, Cohen LM, Vanderveen JW, et al. Addict Behav. 2009 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
纳入24例吸烟者，试验组吸烟者分别给予无味道的口香糖、有味道条带及加香味的口香糖，对照者不作处理。研究持续4周，每周戒烟至少24小时。采用重复测量单因素方差分析法。
受试者组间戒断症状严重程度存在显著差异（F(3, 69)=2.89, P<.05）。随访分析显示，与无味道口香糖组和对照组相比，有味道口香糖能显著降低戒断症状评分。
上述结果显示，咀嚼口香糖有益于在尼古丁戒断24小时期间减轻戒断症状，而且这种作用可能与口香糖咀嚼及其味道相关。
（陈欣 审校）
Addict Behav. 2009 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
The effect of chewing gum on self-reported nicotine withdrawal: Is it the flavor, the act of chewing, or both?
Cortez-Garland M, Cohen LM, Vanderveen JW, Cook K.
A healthy alternative that has been shown to lessen the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms during brief periods of nicotine abstinence (e.g., 3-4h) is confectionary chewing gum (Cohen and colleagues, 1997, 1999, & 2001). The current study sought to build upon this line of research by examining the impact of chewing gum on nicotine withdrawal severity over an extended period of nicotine abstinence (e.g., 24h) while also identifying the specific attributes of chewing gum that may be responsible for the reported decreases in withdrawal. Specifically, the acts of chewing, flavor, as well as the combination of the two, were independently examined. Twenty-four dependent cigarette smokers participated in three experimental conditions (e.g., a flavorless gum base, flavor strips, and flavored chewing gum) as well as a no product control across four weeks while abstaining from smoking for 24h each week. Using repeated measures ANOVAs, a significant difference in withdrawal severity was reported by participants across conditions, F(3, 69)=2.89, p<.05. Follow-up analyses revealed that the flavored gum condition yielded significantly lower withdrawal scores than the flavorless gum base and no product control conditions. These findings indicate that chewing gum appears useful in lessening the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms over a 24-hour period of nicotine abstinence and that it is a combination of flavor and chewing that appears to lead to this effect.
Cortez-Garland M, Cohen LM, Vanderveen JW, et al. Addict Behav. 2009 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
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延长伐尼克兰疗程（12 + 12周）与其它可用的戒烟措施相比的戒烟成本－效益：美国BENESCO模式的扩展与更新
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