年轻成人吸烟：哪些因素能区分既往吸烟者、企图戒烟者及不愿戒烟者
2009/09/17
本试验在18～30岁年轻成人中研究与吸烟状态有关的人口统计学、社会心理学因素和戒烟预测因素。294名年轻成人完成有关健康习惯的自我报告调查后，之中的吸烟者进入戒烟计划。与未寻求戒烟治疗者、参加戒烟计划寻求戒烟治疗者和寻求戒烟治疗但未参加戒烟计划者相比，既往吸烟者的替代强化刺激更强。更强的补充强化刺激和延迟贴现率能将未寻求治疗者从既往吸烟者和参与戒烟计划寻求戒烟治疗者中区分出来。与既往吸烟者相比，未寻求戒烟治疗者发生抑郁的可能性较小。寻求戒烟治疗但未参与戒烟计划者倾向于与吸烟者、未受高等教育者同住，且他们中大多为非白种人。能在治疗中增加其替代强化刺激的年轻成人吸烟者，在治疗末期，戒烟率可能为其他人群的2倍。上述结果显示，年轻成人吸烟者戒烟存在诸多不确定因素，这对于研究中戒烟者的选择及戒烟的治疗具有重要意义。
（刘国梁 审校）
Audrain-McGovern J, Rodriguez D, Epstein LH, et al.
Addict Behav. 2009 Jul 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Young adult smoking: What factors differentiate ex-smokers, smoking cessation treatment seekers and nontreatment seekers?
Audrain-McGovern J, Rodriguez D, Epstein LH, Rodgers K, Cuevas J, Wileyto EP.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
The present study investigated demographic and psychosocial correlates of smoking status and predictors of smoking cessation among young adults, ages 18-30years old. Young adults (n=294) completed a self-report survey regarding their health habits and smokers were offered the opportunity to enroll in a smoking cessation program. Substitute reinforcers were greater among ex-smokers compared to nontreatment-seeking smokers, treatment-seeking smokers who did participate in a smoking cessation program and treatment-seeking smokers who did not subsequently participate in a smoking cessation program. Greater complementary reinforcers and delay discounting rates differentiated nontreatment-seeking smokers from ex-smokers and treatment-seeking smokers who subsequently attended a smoking cessation program. Nontreatment seekers were less likely to have higher depression symptoms than ex-smokers. Treatment seekers who did not attend a smoking cessation program tended to live in a household with another smoker, to not be college educated, and to be non-white. Young adult smokers who increased their substitute reinforcers across treatment were almost two times more likely to be quit at treatment end. These results highlight variables that may be important to consider in recruitment strategies and treatment components for smoking cessation interventions for young adult smokers.
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兴趣缺失与吸烟动机之间的关系
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怀孕期和哺乳期吸烟：危险与戒烟策略综述
