一种烟草依赖的新疗法
2009/07/30
这篇文献复习的目的是观察四类药物（尼古丁替代，抗抑郁药，尼古丁手体部分激动剂，大麻素受体阻断药）治疗尼古丁依赖的有效性临床实验证据。尽管在发达国加吸烟在下降，但仍然很盛行，而在发展中国家一直在增长。在中年以前戒烟可以减少与烟草有关的死亡。虽然很多人不用正规的来帮助能够暂时停止吸烟，但是非药物和药物干预可以帮助人们把烟戒掉。药物治疗可以通过神经途径可以减轻与尼古丁药理学依赖有关的戒断症状。尼古丁替代和一些抗抑郁药可以帮助戒烟能取得一部分疗效。更新的途径包括使用尼古丁部分激动剂（伐尼克兰和金雀花碱）和作用于大麻素受体的化合物（利莫那班）。最新的证据表明尼古丁受体部分激动剂伐尼克兰至少和尼古丁替代疗法、抗抑郁剂一样有效。
（刘超武编译 刘国梁审校）
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jan;9(1):15-22
An update on therapeutics for tobacco dependence.
Lancaster T, Stead L, Cahill K.
University of Oxford, Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Review Group, Department of Primary Healthcare, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK. tim.lancaster@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
The aim of this review is to consider the clinical trial evidence for the efficacy of four classes of pharmacological treatment for nicotine dependence: nicotine replacement, antidepressants, nicotine-receptor partial agonists and drugs blocking cannabinoid receptors. Despite falls in many developed countries, the prevalence of smoking remains high and is increasing in developing countries. Stopping smoking before middle age substantially reduces the mortality associated with tobacco use. Although many people quit without formal help, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions can help people to stop smoking. Drug therapies target neural pathways to reduce withdrawal symptoms associated with psychopharmacological dependence on nicotine. Nicotine replacement therapy and some antidepressants aid smoking cessation and are an established part of therapy. Newer pharmacological approaches include the use of the selective nicotinic partial agonists, varenicline and cytisine, and compounds targeting cannabinoid receptors (rimonabant). Recent evidence suggests that the nicotine-receptor partial agonist varenicline is at least as effective as nicotine replacement therapy and antidepressants.
PMID: 18076335 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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家庭和职业控制计划减少儿童环境性吸烟的暴露
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行为干预戒烟——一项meta-分析
