烟草警示图标对吸烟行为的影响：来自加拿大经
2012/12/13
摘要
简介：大量文献显示，烟草警示标志可有效预防吸烟，但其对实际吸烟行为的影响证据有限。本试验评价烟草警示图标对吸烟发生率和戒烟意图的影响。
方法：在1998～2008年加拿大国家人群健康调查中抽取具有代表性的15岁及以上受试者作为研究对象。入选有吸烟率回归的4853名受试者和1549名有戒烟意向的吸烟者。采用广义估计方程（GEE）检测烟草警示图标对吸烟率和戒烟意愿的人群平均（边际）影响。为评价烟草健康警示图标对吸烟行为的影响，我们采用一个分级变量，2001年前6个月时，该变量值为0，随后逐渐增加至2001年12月的1。
结果：警示图标对吸烟率和戒烟意愿具有显著影响。特别是警示标志能降低成为吸烟者的优势比（OR：= 0.875; 95% CI = 0.821-0.932），增加做出戒烟意愿的优势比（OR = 1.330, CI = 1.187-1.490）。如果让零售店的警示标志存在更长时间，上述结果仍然存在。
结论：本试验为烟草警示图标帮助戒烟增添了证据。烟草警示图标对加拿大吸烟率和戒烟意愿具有显著影响。
（林江涛 审校）
Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
The Effect of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior: Evidence from the Canadian Experience.
Azagba S, Sharaf MF.
Source
Corresponding Author: Sunday Azagba, Ph.D., Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada. Telephone: 902-449-4226; E-Mail: s.azagba@dal.ca.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is a substantial literature that graphic tobacco warnings are effective; however, there is limited evidence based on actual smoking behavior. The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking prevalence and quit attempts.
METHODS: A nationally representative sample of individuals aged 15 years and older from the Canadian National Population Health Survey 1998-2008 is used. The sample consists of 4,853 individuals for the smoking prevalence regression and 1,549 smokers for quit attempts. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the population-averaged (marginal) effects of tobacco graphic warnings on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. To assess the effect of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking behavior, we used a scaled variable that takes the value of 0 for the first 6 months in 2001, then increases gradually to 1 from December 2001.
RESULTS: We found that graphic warnings had a statistically significant effect on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. In particular, the warnings decreased the odds of being a smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 0.875; 95% CI = 0.821-0.932) and increased the odds of making a quit attempt (OR = 1.330, CI = 1.187-1.490). Similar results were obtained when we allowed for more time for the warnings to appear in retail outlets.
CONCLUSION: This study adds to the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of graphic warnings. Our findings suggest that warnings had a significant effect on smoking prevalence and quit attempts in Canada.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
简介：大量文献显示，烟草警示标志可有效预防吸烟，但其对实际吸烟行为的影响证据有限。本试验评价烟草警示图标对吸烟发生率和戒烟意图的影响。
方法：在1998～2008年加拿大国家人群健康调查中抽取具有代表性的15岁及以上受试者作为研究对象。入选有吸烟率回归的4853名受试者和1549名有戒烟意向的吸烟者。采用广义估计方程（GEE）检测烟草警示图标对吸烟率和戒烟意愿的人群平均（边际）影响。为评价烟草健康警示图标对吸烟行为的影响，我们采用一个分级变量，2001年前6个月时，该变量值为0，随后逐渐增加至2001年12月的1。
结果：警示图标对吸烟率和戒烟意愿具有显著影响。特别是警示标志能降低成为吸烟者的优势比（OR：= 0.875; 95% CI = 0.821-0.932），增加做出戒烟意愿的优势比（OR = 1.330, CI = 1.187-1.490）。如果让零售店的警示标志存在更长时间，上述结果仍然存在。
结论：本试验为烟草警示图标帮助戒烟增添了证据。烟草警示图标对加拿大吸烟率和戒烟意愿具有显著影响。
（林江涛 审校）
Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
The Effect of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior: Evidence from the Canadian Experience.
Azagba S, Sharaf MF.
Source
Corresponding Author: Sunday Azagba, Ph.D., Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada. Telephone: 902-449-4226; E-Mail: s.azagba@dal.ca.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is a substantial literature that graphic tobacco warnings are effective; however, there is limited evidence based on actual smoking behavior. The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking prevalence and quit attempts.
METHODS: A nationally representative sample of individuals aged 15 years and older from the Canadian National Population Health Survey 1998-2008 is used. The sample consists of 4,853 individuals for the smoking prevalence regression and 1,549 smokers for quit attempts. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the population-averaged (marginal) effects of tobacco graphic warnings on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. To assess the effect of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking behavior, we used a scaled variable that takes the value of 0 for the first 6 months in 2001, then increases gradually to 1 from December 2001.
RESULTS: We found that graphic warnings had a statistically significant effect on smoking prevalence and quit attempts. In particular, the warnings decreased the odds of being a smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 0.875; 95% CI = 0.821-0.932) and increased the odds of making a quit attempt (OR = 1.330, CI = 1.187-1.490). Similar results were obtained when we allowed for more time for the warnings to appear in retail outlets.
CONCLUSION: This study adds to the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of graphic warnings. Our findings suggest that warnings had a significant effect on smoking prevalence and quit attempts in Canada.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
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