针对美国年轻成人的戒烟干预：系统性综述
2010/12/29
摘要
前言：研究已经显示30岁以前戒烟对降低烟草相关死亡具有重要作用，但与青少年和老年吸烟者不同，较少研究针对年轻成人开发循证戒烟干预措施。本文对美国年轻成人（18～24岁）的戒烟干预措施进行系统综述。
证据收集：对CINAHL, Cochrane图书馆, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus,和社会学摘要数据库进行电子搜索，查询2009年8月31日之前进行的符合要求的干预措施。两名独立的编码者对收集的文献进行方法学和结果评价。数据分析时间为2010年。
证据合成：共有12项RCT研究和2项非随机研究满足入选标准。这些研究的样本量、干预措施、评价的结果和检测吸烟的手段均存在差异。，2项基于社会认知理论研究的汇总结果显示，在1～3个月的随访期和4～6个月的随访期内，戒烟干预措施有助于促进短期戒断。4项研究显示戒烟干预措施对戒烟具有重要的正面影响：其中2项研究为短期研究，另外2项研究为6个月或以上。
结论：有限的证据显示，针对美国年轻成人的戒烟干预措施有效。本综述未发现药物干预措施。有希望的干预措施应该是简短的、通过电话和电子媒体的延伸支持。未来的研究需要采用标准化的吸烟检测手段对大学环境以外的人群进行进一步的高质量研究，为美国高危年轻成人提供个体化的有效戒烟干预措施。
（林江涛 审校）
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):564-574.
Smoking-Cessation Interventions for U.S. Young Adults A Systematic Review.
Villanti AC, McKay HS, Abrams DB, Holtgrave DR, Bowie JV.
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Studies have demonstrated the importance of quitting smoking before age 30 years to avoid tobacco-related mortality but little attention has been paid to developing evidence-based smoking-cessation interventions for young adults, as distinct from adolescents and older-aged adults. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of smoking-cessation interventions for U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years).
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Electronic searches were conducted in CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts to identify eligible interventions through August 31, 2009. Two independent coders critically evaluated the methodology and findings of all retrieved articles. Data analysis was conducted in 2010.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Twelve RCTs and two nonrandomized studies met the inclusion criteria; these studies varied with respect to sample size, intervention, outcomes assessed, and smoking measures. Pooled results for two studies based on social cognitive theory indicated that they were effective in promoting short-term abstinence at 1-3-month follow-up and 4-6-month follow-up. Four studies had a significant positive impact on smoking cessation: two in the short term and two at 6 months or more.
CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence demonstrating efficacy of smoking-cessation interventions for U.S. young adults. There were no pharmacologic interventions included in this review. Promising interventions were brief, with extended support via telephone and electronic media. Further high-quality studies using standardized smoking measures and additional studies outside the college setting are needed to identify and tailor effective smoking-cessation interventions for at-risk young adults in the U.S.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):564-574.
前言：研究已经显示30岁以前戒烟对降低烟草相关死亡具有重要作用，但与青少年和老年吸烟者不同，较少研究针对年轻成人开发循证戒烟干预措施。本文对美国年轻成人（18～24岁）的戒烟干预措施进行系统综述。
证据收集：对CINAHL, Cochrane图书馆, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus,和社会学摘要数据库进行电子搜索，查询2009年8月31日之前进行的符合要求的干预措施。两名独立的编码者对收集的文献进行方法学和结果评价。数据分析时间为2010年。
证据合成：共有12项RCT研究和2项非随机研究满足入选标准。这些研究的样本量、干预措施、评价的结果和检测吸烟的手段均存在差异。，2项基于社会认知理论研究的汇总结果显示，在1～3个月的随访期和4～6个月的随访期内，戒烟干预措施有助于促进短期戒断。4项研究显示戒烟干预措施对戒烟具有重要的正面影响：其中2项研究为短期研究，另外2项研究为6个月或以上。
结论：有限的证据显示，针对美国年轻成人的戒烟干预措施有效。本综述未发现药物干预措施。有希望的干预措施应该是简短的、通过电话和电子媒体的延伸支持。未来的研究需要采用标准化的吸烟检测手段对大学环境以外的人群进行进一步的高质量研究，为美国高危年轻成人提供个体化的有效戒烟干预措施。
（林江涛 审校）
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):564-574.
Smoking-Cessation Interventions for U.S. Young Adults A Systematic Review.
Villanti AC, McKay HS, Abrams DB, Holtgrave DR, Bowie JV.
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Studies have demonstrated the importance of quitting smoking before age 30 years to avoid tobacco-related mortality but little attention has been paid to developing evidence-based smoking-cessation interventions for young adults, as distinct from adolescents and older-aged adults. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of smoking-cessation interventions for U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years).
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Electronic searches were conducted in CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts to identify eligible interventions through August 31, 2009. Two independent coders critically evaluated the methodology and findings of all retrieved articles. Data analysis was conducted in 2010.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Twelve RCTs and two nonrandomized studies met the inclusion criteria; these studies varied with respect to sample size, intervention, outcomes assessed, and smoking measures. Pooled results for two studies based on social cognitive theory indicated that they were effective in promoting short-term abstinence at 1-3-month follow-up and 4-6-month follow-up. Four studies had a significant positive impact on smoking cessation: two in the short term and two at 6 months or more.
CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence demonstrating efficacy of smoking-cessation interventions for U.S. young adults. There were no pharmacologic interventions included in this review. Promising interventions were brief, with extended support via telephone and electronic media. Further high-quality studies using standardized smoking measures and additional studies outside the college setting are needed to identify and tailor effective smoking-cessation interventions for at-risk young adults in the U.S.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):564-574.
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