戒烟研究中，点戒断率和长期戒断是否产生相似的结果：系统综述
2010/08/11
前言：许多戒烟试验报道中都对长期戒断（PA）率（自不吸烟之日起戒断，有或无宽限期）或点戒断率（PP）（随访前1天或数天不吸烟）进行了报告，但两者的联系尚不清楚。
方法：我们对28个药物治疗试验中的76个PA和PP的比较进行了研究。前两名作者单独对所有试验进行编号。
结果：两者具有高度相关性（r = .88），PA平均为PP的0.74。根据将PP转换为PA或将PA转换为PP的方程计算的估计值，90％的病例位于PP或PA实际值的4%～5%内。当采用PA和PP时，仍吸烟和吸烟控制的优势比和相对风险相同。然而，当使用PA时，仍吸烟和吸烟控制的戒断率差值较使用PP时低（8% vs. 10%）。
讨论：我们认为，PA和PP两者密切相关，两者可相互转换，其准确度适中。当采用优势比和相对风险作为效应量时，两者具有类似的效应量。但采用戒断率绝对差值作为效应量时，PA产生的效应量低于PP。我们认为需要更多的试验研究PA和PP，增强不同研究间的比较。
（刘国梁 审校）
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Do point prevalence and prolonged abstinence measures produce similar results in smoking cessation studies? A systematic review.
Hughes JR, Carpenter MJ, Naud S.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, University Health Center, Mailstop 482, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. john.hughes@uvm.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Many smoking cessation trials report either prolonged abstinence (PA) rates (i.e., not smoking since a quit date, with or without a grace period) or point prevalence (PP) abstinence rates (i.e., no smoking one or more days prior to the follow-up), but how these two relate is unclear.
METHODS: We located 28 pharmacotherapy trials that provided 76 within-study comparisons of PA versus PP. The first two authors independently coded all trials.
RESULTS: The two measures were highly correlated (r = .88) and PA averaged 0.74 that of PP. Equations for converting PP to PA and vice versa produced estimations that, in 90% of cases, were within 4%-5% of actual PP or PA values. The odds ratio and the relative risk for active versus control were identical when PA and PP were used; however, the difference in proportion abstinent for active versus control was somewhat less when PA was used than when PP was used (8% vs. 10%).
DISCUSSION: We conclude that PA and PP are closely related and can be interconverted with moderate accuracy. They also produce similar effect sizes when odds ratio and relative risk are used as effect sizes. When absolute difference in percent abstinent is used as an effect size, PA produces a smaller effect size than PP. We believe trials should continue to report both PA and PP outcomes to enhance comparisons across studies.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]
方法：我们对28个药物治疗试验中的76个PA和PP的比较进行了研究。前两名作者单独对所有试验进行编号。
结果：两者具有高度相关性（r = .88），PA平均为PP的0.74。根据将PP转换为PA或将PA转换为PP的方程计算的估计值，90％的病例位于PP或PA实际值的4%～5%内。当采用PA和PP时，仍吸烟和吸烟控制的优势比和相对风险相同。然而，当使用PA时，仍吸烟和吸烟控制的戒断率差值较使用PP时低（8% vs. 10%）。
讨论：我们认为，PA和PP两者密切相关，两者可相互转换，其准确度适中。当采用优势比和相对风险作为效应量时，两者具有类似的效应量。但采用戒断率绝对差值作为效应量时，PA产生的效应量低于PP。我们认为需要更多的试验研究PA和PP，增强不同研究间的比较。
（刘国梁 审校）
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Do point prevalence and prolonged abstinence measures produce similar results in smoking cessation studies? A systematic review.
Hughes JR, Carpenter MJ, Naud S.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, University Health Center, Mailstop 482, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. john.hughes@uvm.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Many smoking cessation trials report either prolonged abstinence (PA) rates (i.e., not smoking since a quit date, with or without a grace period) or point prevalence (PP) abstinence rates (i.e., no smoking one or more days prior to the follow-up), but how these two relate is unclear.
METHODS: We located 28 pharmacotherapy trials that provided 76 within-study comparisons of PA versus PP. The first two authors independently coded all trials.
RESULTS: The two measures were highly correlated (r = .88) and PA averaged 0.74 that of PP. Equations for converting PP to PA and vice versa produced estimations that, in 90% of cases, were within 4%-5% of actual PP or PA values. The odds ratio and the relative risk for active versus control were identical when PA and PP were used; however, the difference in proportion abstinent for active versus control was somewhat less when PA was used than when PP was used (8% vs. 10%).
DISCUSSION: We conclude that PA and PP are closely related and can be interconverted with moderate accuracy. They also produce similar effect sizes when odds ratio and relative risk are used as effect sizes. When absolute difference in percent abstinent is used as an effect size, PA produces a smaller effect size than PP. We believe trials should continue to report both PA and PP outcomes to enhance comparisons across studies.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]
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戒烟意图：个人和家庭成员出现癌症诊断的作用
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戒烟不耐受的问卷调查：心理测量特性及其与烟草依赖和戒断的关系
