分子过敏原诊断揭示哮喘风险与沙漠蒿花粉暴露相关
2026/03/04
摘要
背景：沙漠蒿广泛种植于中国西北部的毛乌素沙漠，用于防风固沙，但其大面积种植意外地增加了花粉诱发的过敏反应。本研究旨在进行过敏原分子诊断，并评估其在表征与过敏表型相关的免疫球蛋白E（IgE）致敏谱中的应用价值。
方法：对来自三个蒿属花粉暴露水平不同地区的135名蒿属过敏患者进行了检查。通过天然纯化或重组技术制备了11种过敏原，并使用免疫荧光法进行IgE定量检测。
结果：在134名患者中检测到至少一种过敏原反应。主要过敏原包括Art d 1（85.2%）、Art d 2（62.2%）、Art d 3（88.9%）、Art d 7（82.2%）和Art d 9（54.1%）。来自高沙漠蒿暴露地区的患者表现出更高的血清特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）水平、对蒿属提取物及过敏原分子的致敏率增加、更广泛的多重致敏以及更高的哮喘患病率。在多变量分析中，致敏过敏原数量以及针对蒿属提取物和Art d 3的sIgE水平与哮喘独立相关。研究开发了一个用于预测哮喘的模型，其曲线下面积（AUC）为0.832。
结论：高环境暴露于沙漠蒿花粉增加了毛乌素沙漠居民的花粉过敏患病率和哮喘风险。采用全面的沙漠蒿过敏原组合进行分子过敏诊断，提高了诊断精度，支持了疾病严重程度的预测，并为改善临床管理提供了关键见解。
Molecular Allergen Diagnosis Reveals That Asthma Risk Is Linked to Desert Mugwort Pollen Exposure
L. Zhao, T. T. Ma, Y. R. Guo, W. Y. Fu, Q. Q. Wang, M. R. Yang, et al.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Artemisia desertorum (desert mugwort) is widely planted in the Mu Us Desert of northwestern China for wind break and sand fixation, but extensive cultivation has unexpectedly increased pollen- induced allergies. This study aims to per form allergen molecular diagnosis and evaluate its utility in characterizing immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profiles linked to allergic phenotypes.
METHODS:
One hundred and thirty- five Artemisia- allergic patients from three regions differing in the Artemisia pollen exposure were examined. Eleven allergens were either purified naturally or recombinantly for IgE quantification using the ImmunoCAP assay.
RESULTS:
Results: At least one allergen response was detected in 134 patients. Major allergens included Art d 1 (85.2%), Art d 2 (62.2%), Art d 3 (88.9%), Art d 7 (82.2%), and Art d 9 (54.1%). Patients from the high desert mugwort exposure region exhibited elevated serum- specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels, increased sensitization to mugwort extract and allergen molecules, broader polysensitization, and higher asthma prevalence. Number of sensitized allergens and sIgE levels to mugwort extract and Art d 3 were independently associated with asthma in multivariable analysis. A predictive model was developed for asthma prediction with an AUC of 0.832.
CONCLUSION:
High environmental exposure to A. desertorum pollen increases pollen allergy prevalence and asthma risk in Mu Us Desert residents. Molecular allergy diagnostics with a comprehensive A. desertorum allergen panel enhanced diagnostic precision, supported disease severity prediction, and provided critical insights for improved clinical management.
背景：沙漠蒿广泛种植于中国西北部的毛乌素沙漠，用于防风固沙，但其大面积种植意外地增加了花粉诱发的过敏反应。本研究旨在进行过敏原分子诊断，并评估其在表征与过敏表型相关的免疫球蛋白E（IgE）致敏谱中的应用价值。
方法：对来自三个蒿属花粉暴露水平不同地区的135名蒿属过敏患者进行了检查。通过天然纯化或重组技术制备了11种过敏原，并使用免疫荧光法进行IgE定量检测。
结果：在134名患者中检测到至少一种过敏原反应。主要过敏原包括Art d 1（85.2%）、Art d 2（62.2%）、Art d 3（88.9%）、Art d 7（82.2%）和Art d 9（54.1%）。来自高沙漠蒿暴露地区的患者表现出更高的血清特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）水平、对蒿属提取物及过敏原分子的致敏率增加、更广泛的多重致敏以及更高的哮喘患病率。在多变量分析中，致敏过敏原数量以及针对蒿属提取物和Art d 3的sIgE水平与哮喘独立相关。研究开发了一个用于预测哮喘的模型，其曲线下面积（AUC）为0.832。
结论：高环境暴露于沙漠蒿花粉增加了毛乌素沙漠居民的花粉过敏患病率和哮喘风险。采用全面的沙漠蒿过敏原组合进行分子过敏诊断，提高了诊断精度，支持了疾病严重程度的预测，并为改善临床管理提供了关键见解。
（中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 李春晓 摘译 林江涛 审校）
（Allergy 2026 DOI: 10.1111/all.70253）
（Allergy 2026 DOI: 10.1111/all.70253）
Molecular Allergen Diagnosis Reveals That Asthma Risk Is Linked to Desert Mugwort Pollen Exposure
L. Zhao, T. T. Ma, Y. R. Guo, W. Y. Fu, Q. Q. Wang, M. R. Yang, et al.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Artemisia desertorum (desert mugwort) is widely planted in the Mu Us Desert of northwestern China for wind break and sand fixation, but extensive cultivation has unexpectedly increased pollen- induced allergies. This study aims to per form allergen molecular diagnosis and evaluate its utility in characterizing immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profiles linked to allergic phenotypes.
METHODS:
One hundred and thirty- five Artemisia- allergic patients from three regions differing in the Artemisia pollen exposure were examined. Eleven allergens were either purified naturally or recombinantly for IgE quantification using the ImmunoCAP assay.
RESULTS:
Results: At least one allergen response was detected in 134 patients. Major allergens included Art d 1 (85.2%), Art d 2 (62.2%), Art d 3 (88.9%), Art d 7 (82.2%), and Art d 9 (54.1%). Patients from the high desert mugwort exposure region exhibited elevated serum- specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels, increased sensitization to mugwort extract and allergen molecules, broader polysensitization, and higher asthma prevalence. Number of sensitized allergens and sIgE levels to mugwort extract and Art d 3 were independently associated with asthma in multivariable analysis. A predictive model was developed for asthma prediction with an AUC of 0.832.
CONCLUSION:
High environmental exposure to A. desertorum pollen increases pollen allergy prevalence and asthma risk in Mu Us Desert residents. Molecular allergy diagnostics with a comprehensive A. desertorum allergen panel enhanced diagnostic precision, supported disease severity prediction, and provided critical insights for improved clinical management.
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