过敏原特征谱与个体化过敏表型的关联
2025/10/31
摘要
背景：过敏原致敏模式具有异质性，其临床相关性常因广泛的交叉反应而变得模糊。我们应用非负矩阵分解 (Non-negative matrix factorization, NMF) 来分离重叠的免疫球蛋白 E (IgE) 信号，并在一个大型韩国队列中定义具有临床意义的过敏原特征谱。
方法：我们分析了 45,065 名在 2010 年至 2025 年间接受了多重过敏原检测（包括 35 种吸入性和食物成分）的患者。分级的特异性 IgE 值（0-6 级）通过 NMF (k = 4) 进行了因子分解。使用多变量 logistic 回归分析特征谱权重与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的关系，并使用经年龄和性别校正的线性模型分析其与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数和总 IgE 水平的关系。
结果：四种特征谱——尘螨、草/杂草、宠物和树木——解释了 77.7% 的致敏方差。尘螨特征谱占主导地位（占 57.6% 的患者），并与过敏性鼻炎（校正后 OR：7.21, 95% CI：5.66-9.16）以及嗜酸性粒细胞和总 IgE 的显著升高密切相关。宠物特征谱是哮喘的最强预测因子（OR：8.90, 6.48-12.24）。树木特征谱与特应性皮炎（OR：6.27, 3.81-10.32）以及更广泛的多系统过敏性疾病发病率显示出最强的关联。草/杂草特征谱呈现出双相年龄轨迹，在成年后期再次上升，但临床影响有限。所有特征谱均是血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数和 IgE 水平的显著且具有梯度性的决定因素。
结论：对多重 IgE 检测组合进行数据驱动的因子分解，可产生易于应用的过敏原特征谱。这些特征谱能更精确地归因哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎，并将血清学模式与系统性炎症联系起来。
Association of allergen signatures with individualized allergic phenotypes
Kim, D., Cho, H. J., Kim, C. H., & Rha, M. S
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Allergen sensitization patterns are heterogeneous, and their clinical relevance is often obscured by extensive cross-reactivity. We applied non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to disentangle overlapping immunoglobulin E (IgE) signals and define clinically meaningful allergen signatures in a large Korean cohort.
METHODS:
We analyzed 45,065 patients who underwent multiplex allergen testing (35 inhalants and food components) between 2010 and 2025. Class-scaled specific IgE values (0-6) were factorized by NMF (k = 4). Signature weights were related to asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis using multivariable logistic regression and to peripheral eosinophil counts and total IgE using age- and sex-adjusted linear models.
RESULTS:
Four signatures-mite, grass/weed, pet, and tree-explained 77.7 % of the variance in sensitization. The mite signature predominated (57.6 % of patients) and was strongly associated with allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 7.21, 95 % CI: 5.66-9.16), as well as marked increases in eosinophils and total IgE. The pet signature was the strongest predictor of asthma (OR: 8.90, 6.48-12.24). The tree signature showed the strongest association with atopic dermatitis (OR: 6.27, 3.81-10.32) and broader multisystem allergic morbidity. The grass/weed signature exhibited a biphasic age trajectory with a late-adult resurgence but had modest clinical impact. All signatures were significant and graded as determinants of blood eosinophil counts and IgE levels.
CONCLUSION:
Data-driven factorization of multiplex IgE panels yields portable allergen signatures that refine attribution of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and link serologic patterns to systemic inflammation.
背景：过敏原致敏模式具有异质性，其临床相关性常因广泛的交叉反应而变得模糊。我们应用非负矩阵分解 (Non-negative matrix factorization, NMF) 来分离重叠的免疫球蛋白 E (IgE) 信号，并在一个大型韩国队列中定义具有临床意义的过敏原特征谱。
方法：我们分析了 45,065 名在 2010 年至 2025 年间接受了多重过敏原检测（包括 35 种吸入性和食物成分）的患者。分级的特异性 IgE 值（0-6 级）通过 NMF (k = 4) 进行了因子分解。使用多变量 logistic 回归分析特征谱权重与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的关系，并使用经年龄和性别校正的线性模型分析其与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数和总 IgE 水平的关系。
结果：四种特征谱——尘螨、草/杂草、宠物和树木——解释了 77.7% 的致敏方差。尘螨特征谱占主导地位（占 57.6% 的患者），并与过敏性鼻炎（校正后 OR：7.21, 95% CI：5.66-9.16）以及嗜酸性粒细胞和总 IgE 的显著升高密切相关。宠物特征谱是哮喘的最强预测因子（OR：8.90, 6.48-12.24）。树木特征谱与特应性皮炎（OR：6.27, 3.81-10.32）以及更广泛的多系统过敏性疾病发病率显示出最强的关联。草/杂草特征谱呈现出双相年龄轨迹，在成年后期再次上升，但临床影响有限。所有特征谱均是血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数和 IgE 水平的显著且具有梯度性的决定因素。
结论：对多重 IgE 检测组合进行数据驱动的因子分解，可产生易于应用的过敏原特征谱。这些特征谱能更精确地归因哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎，并将血清学模式与系统性炎症联系起来。
（中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 沈焜路 摘译 林江涛 审校）
（Allergol Int. 2025 Oct 15; DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2025.09.003 ）
（Allergol Int. 2025 Oct 15; DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2025.09.003 ）
Association of allergen signatures with individualized allergic phenotypes
Kim, D., Cho, H. J., Kim, C. H., & Rha, M. S
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Allergen sensitization patterns are heterogeneous, and their clinical relevance is often obscured by extensive cross-reactivity. We applied non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to disentangle overlapping immunoglobulin E (IgE) signals and define clinically meaningful allergen signatures in a large Korean cohort.
METHODS:
We analyzed 45,065 patients who underwent multiplex allergen testing (35 inhalants and food components) between 2010 and 2025. Class-scaled specific IgE values (0-6) were factorized by NMF (k = 4). Signature weights were related to asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis using multivariable logistic regression and to peripheral eosinophil counts and total IgE using age- and sex-adjusted linear models.
RESULTS:
Four signatures-mite, grass/weed, pet, and tree-explained 77.7 % of the variance in sensitization. The mite signature predominated (57.6 % of patients) and was strongly associated with allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 7.21, 95 % CI: 5.66-9.16), as well as marked increases in eosinophils and total IgE. The pet signature was the strongest predictor of asthma (OR: 8.90, 6.48-12.24). The tree signature showed the strongest association with atopic dermatitis (OR: 6.27, 3.81-10.32) and broader multisystem allergic morbidity. The grass/weed signature exhibited a biphasic age trajectory with a late-adult resurgence but had modest clinical impact. All signatures were significant and graded as determinants of blood eosinophil counts and IgE levels.
CONCLUSION:
Data-driven factorization of multiplex IgE panels yields portable allergen signatures that refine attribution of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and link serologic patterns to systemic inflammation.
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衣康酸在吸入性过敏原激发过程中的保护性作用
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痰液转录组分析与聚类揭示哮喘异质性新见解
