美国2岁及以上人口哮喘与过敏共病情况：2021年全国健康访谈调查
2025/08/31
摘要
背景：哮喘具有高发病率且严重影响生活质量。当哮喘与过敏共存时症状可能加重。我们通过全国代表性样本评估哮喘-过敏共病的患病率。
方法：采用2021年全国健康访谈调查中7343名2-17岁儿童青少年及29329名≥18岁成人数据，评估哮喘、过敏症状及终身过敏诊断的患病率。通过逻辑回归分析哮喘－过敏共病与人口特征（性别、年龄、种族/民族、家庭收入、地区、城乡分布）的关联，以及哮喘发作与过敏的关联。
结果：全美≥2岁人群中近8%患有哮喘，52.3%存在过敏症状。儿童青少年中，男孩哮喘－过敏共病患病率高于女孩（6.2%；95% CI, 5.3%～7.2% vs 5.0%；95% CI, 4.2%～5.9%）。成人中男性患病率低于女性（4.9%；95% CI, 4.5%～5.4% vs 8.3%；95% CI, 7.7%～8.8%）。低收入群体（联邦贫困线<100% vs ≥200%）和非西班牙裔黑人（对比非西班牙裔白人）的共病患病率更高。哮喘患者中82.1%存在过敏症状，67.3%有终身过敏诊断。成人哮喘患者的过敏症状患病率存在性别差异，而儿童患者中未现此差异。成人哮喘患者的发作与过敏症状显著相关（校正患病比=1.23；95% CI, 1.04-1.46）。
结论：哮喘－过敏共病在性别、家庭收入和种族/民族间存在差异。本研究为国家哮喘管理指南中关于识别和治疗哮喘患者共患过敏症的重要性提供了实证支持。
Asthma and Allergy Comorbidity Among the US Population Aged 2 Years or Older, National Health Interview Survey, 2021
Pate, C. A., Akinbami, L. J., Johnson, C., Hsu, J., & Zahran, H. S.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Asthma has substantial morbidity and impact on quality of life. Symptoms can worsen when asthma coexists with allergy. We assessed the prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity in a nationally representative sample.
METHODS:We used 2021 National Health Interview Survey data for 7343 children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years and 29 329 adults aged ≥18 years to estimate the prevalence of asthma, allergy symptoms, and lifetime allergy diagnosis. We assessed associations between asthma-allergy comorbidity and characteristics (sex, age group, race and ethnicity, family income, region, urbanicity) and between asthma attacks and allergy by using logistic regression.
RESULTS:Almost 8% of people aged ≥2 years had asthma, and 52.3% had allergy symptoms. Among children and adolescents, boys had a higher prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity than girls (6.2%; 95% CI, 5.3%～7.2% vs 5.0%; 95% CI, 4.2%～5.9%). Among adults, men had a lower prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity than women (4.9%; 95% CI, 4.5%～5.4% vs 8.3%; 95% CI, 7.7%～8.8%). The prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity was higher among people with low income (<100% vs ≥200% federal poverty level) and non-Hispanic Black (vs non-Hispanic White) people. Among people with asthma, 82.1% had allergy symptoms and 67.3% had a lifetime allergy diagnosis. The prevalence of allergy symptoms differed by sex among adults with asthma but not among children and adolescents with asthma. Among adults with asthma, asthma attacks were associated with allergy symptoms (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.46).
CONCLUSION:Disparities in asthma-allergy comorbidity exist by sex, family income, and race and ethnicity. These findings support national asthma management guidelines on the importance of identifying and treating comorbid allergies among people with asthma.
背景：哮喘具有高发病率且严重影响生活质量。当哮喘与过敏共存时症状可能加重。我们通过全国代表性样本评估哮喘-过敏共病的患病率。
方法：采用2021年全国健康访谈调查中7343名2-17岁儿童青少年及29329名≥18岁成人数据，评估哮喘、过敏症状及终身过敏诊断的患病率。通过逻辑回归分析哮喘－过敏共病与人口特征（性别、年龄、种族/民族、家庭收入、地区、城乡分布）的关联，以及哮喘发作与过敏的关联。
结果：全美≥2岁人群中近8%患有哮喘，52.3%存在过敏症状。儿童青少年中，男孩哮喘－过敏共病患病率高于女孩（6.2%；95% CI, 5.3%～7.2% vs 5.0%；95% CI, 4.2%～5.9%）。成人中男性患病率低于女性（4.9%；95% CI, 4.5%～5.4% vs 8.3%；95% CI, 7.7%～8.8%）。低收入群体（联邦贫困线<100% vs ≥200%）和非西班牙裔黑人（对比非西班牙裔白人）的共病患病率更高。哮喘患者中82.1%存在过敏症状，67.3%有终身过敏诊断。成人哮喘患者的过敏症状患病率存在性别差异，而儿童患者中未现此差异。成人哮喘患者的发作与过敏症状显著相关（校正患病比=1.23；95% CI, 1.04-1.46）。
结论：哮喘－过敏共病在性别、家庭收入和种族/民族间存在差异。本研究为国家哮喘管理指南中关于识别和治疗哮喘患者共患过敏症的重要性提供了实证支持。
（中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 沈焜路 摘译 林江涛 审校）
（Public Health Rep. 2025 Aug 21; DOI: 10.1177/00333549251358658）
Asthma and Allergy Comorbidity Among the US Population Aged 2 Years or Older, National Health Interview Survey, 2021
Pate, C. A., Akinbami, L. J., Johnson, C., Hsu, J., & Zahran, H. S.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Asthma has substantial morbidity and impact on quality of life. Symptoms can worsen when asthma coexists with allergy. We assessed the prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity in a nationally representative sample.
METHODS:We used 2021 National Health Interview Survey data for 7343 children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years and 29 329 adults aged ≥18 years to estimate the prevalence of asthma, allergy symptoms, and lifetime allergy diagnosis. We assessed associations between asthma-allergy comorbidity and characteristics (sex, age group, race and ethnicity, family income, region, urbanicity) and between asthma attacks and allergy by using logistic regression.
RESULTS:Almost 8% of people aged ≥2 years had asthma, and 52.3% had allergy symptoms. Among children and adolescents, boys had a higher prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity than girls (6.2%; 95% CI, 5.3%～7.2% vs 5.0%; 95% CI, 4.2%～5.9%). Among adults, men had a lower prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity than women (4.9%; 95% CI, 4.5%～5.4% vs 8.3%; 95% CI, 7.7%～8.8%). The prevalence of asthma-allergy comorbidity was higher among people with low income (<100% vs ≥200% federal poverty level) and non-Hispanic Black (vs non-Hispanic White) people. Among people with asthma, 82.1% had allergy symptoms and 67.3% had a lifetime allergy diagnosis. The prevalence of allergy symptoms differed by sex among adults with asthma but not among children and adolescents with asthma. Among adults with asthma, asthma attacks were associated with allergy symptoms (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.46).
CONCLUSION:Disparities in asthma-allergy comorbidity exist by sex, family income, and race and ethnicity. These findings support national asthma management guidelines on the importance of identifying and treating comorbid allergies among people with asthma.
上一篇：
没有了
下一篇：
使用一项新评分（MiDAS）评估多病共存对难治性哮喘的影响：一项多国哮喘队列研究
