过敏性哮喘的预防与过敏原避免措施和暴露的作用
2021/12/24
摘要
综述目的：总所周知，致敏和暴露于吸入环境变应原的组合与哮喘症状的发展和诱发有关，并且避免变应原将在疾病的预防和控制中发挥有益作用。其他重要因素包括其他过敏原的相关性，也在患者家外暴露于敏化剂，暴露于刺激物（如化学空气污染物）以及患者参与正确的教育。过敏性气道疾病的临床阶段和气道重塑的程度也可能代表过敏原回避过程的临床结果的相关因素。我们回顾了通过避免过敏原预防哮喘的现有证据。
最近的发现：呼吸道过敏的管理是一个复杂的策略（包括预防、药物、免疫和教育干预）。此外，在现实生活中很难区分单一干预措施的疗效。然而，组合策略可能产生临床结果。组合策略可能产生令人满意的哮喘管理。过敏原是呼吸道过敏症状发展的重要触发因素，并且避免措施能够降低过敏原水平。过敏性气道疾病的临床阶段和气道重塑的程度可能代表过敏原回避程序的临床结果的相关因素。考虑到呼吸道过敏的管理是一个复杂的策略；在现实生活中很难区分单一干预的疗效。然而，需要进一步研究更好的量化过敏原的影响。
Prevention of Allergic Asthma with Allergen Avoidance Measures and the Role of Exposome
Gennaro D'Amato, Olga Patricia Monge Ortega, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Maria D'Amato
Abstract
Purpose of review: It is well known that combination of sensitization and exposure to inhaled environmental allergens is related to both the development and elicitation of symptoms of asthma and that avoidance of allergens would exert beneficial effects in the prevention and control of the disease. Other important factors include the relevance of other allergens, exposure to sensitizing agents also outside patient's home, exposure to irritants (like chemical air pollutants), and the involvement of the patient with a correct education. It is also likely that clinical phase of allergic airway disease and the degree of airways remodeling represent relevant factors for the clinical outcome of allergen avoidance procedure. We reviewed existing evidence on prevention of asthma through allergen avoidance.
Recent findings: The management of respiratory allergy is a complex strategy (including prevention, drugs, immunological, and educational interventions). In addition, it is difficult in real life to distinguish the efficacy of single interventions. However, a combined strategy is likely to produce clinical results. A combined strategy is likely to produce satisfactory management of asthma. Allergens are an important trigger factor for the development of symptoms of respiratory allergy, and avoidance measures are able to reduce allergen levels. It is likely that clinical phase of allergic airway disease and the degree of airways remodeling represents relevant factors for the clinical outcome of allergen avoidance procedures. Considering the management of respiratory allergy is a complex strategy; it is difficult in real life to distinguish the efficacy of single interventions. However, further studies better quantifying the effects of allergens are needed.
综述目的：总所周知，致敏和暴露于吸入环境变应原的组合与哮喘症状的发展和诱发有关，并且避免变应原将在疾病的预防和控制中发挥有益作用。其他重要因素包括其他过敏原的相关性，也在患者家外暴露于敏化剂，暴露于刺激物（如化学空气污染物）以及患者参与正确的教育。过敏性气道疾病的临床阶段和气道重塑的程度也可能代表过敏原回避过程的临床结果的相关因素。我们回顾了通过避免过敏原预防哮喘的现有证据。
最近的发现：呼吸道过敏的管理是一个复杂的策略（包括预防、药物、免疫和教育干预）。此外，在现实生活中很难区分单一干预措施的疗效。然而，组合策略可能产生临床结果。组合策略可能产生令人满意的哮喘管理。过敏原是呼吸道过敏症状发展的重要触发因素，并且避免措施能够降低过敏原水平。过敏性气道疾病的临床阶段和气道重塑的程度可能代表过敏原回避程序的临床结果的相关因素。考虑到呼吸道过敏的管理是一个复杂的策略；在现实生活中很难区分单一干预的疗效。然而，需要进一步研究更好的量化过敏原的影响。
(中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 张清 摘译 林江涛 审校)
(Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020 Feb 26;20(3):8. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-0901-3)
(Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020 Feb 26;20(3):8. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-0901-3)
Prevention of Allergic Asthma with Allergen Avoidance Measures and the Role of Exposome
Gennaro D'Amato, Olga Patricia Monge Ortega, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Maria D'Amato
Abstract
Purpose of review: It is well known that combination of sensitization and exposure to inhaled environmental allergens is related to both the development and elicitation of symptoms of asthma and that avoidance of allergens would exert beneficial effects in the prevention and control of the disease. Other important factors include the relevance of other allergens, exposure to sensitizing agents also outside patient's home, exposure to irritants (like chemical air pollutants), and the involvement of the patient with a correct education. It is also likely that clinical phase of allergic airway disease and the degree of airways remodeling represent relevant factors for the clinical outcome of allergen avoidance procedure. We reviewed existing evidence on prevention of asthma through allergen avoidance.
Recent findings: The management of respiratory allergy is a complex strategy (including prevention, drugs, immunological, and educational interventions). In addition, it is difficult in real life to distinguish the efficacy of single interventions. However, a combined strategy is likely to produce clinical results. A combined strategy is likely to produce satisfactory management of asthma. Allergens are an important trigger factor for the development of symptoms of respiratory allergy, and avoidance measures are able to reduce allergen levels. It is likely that clinical phase of allergic airway disease and the degree of airways remodeling represents relevant factors for the clinical outcome of allergen avoidance procedures. Considering the management of respiratory allergy is a complex strategy; it is difficult in real life to distinguish the efficacy of single interventions. However, further studies better quantifying the effects of allergens are needed.
上一篇：
终身体质指数轨迹对成人哮喘发病率和持续性的影响
下一篇：
基于传感器的电子监测哮喘：随机对照试验
