肠道微生物群与过敏致敏，湿疹和哮喘之间的关联：一项系统评价
2020/01/02
摘要
肠道微生物群在免疫系统发育和调控中起着重要作用。本文详述了新生儿和儿童肠道微生物群与增敏、湿疹和哮喘的关系。总的来说，相对丰度较高的杆菌科、梭菌科和肠杆菌科以及相对丰度较低的双歧杆菌科和乳酸菌科与增敏、湿疹或哮喘的发生有关。细菌多样性的减少可能与变应性疾病的发生有关。与新生儿相比，年龄较大的儿童肠道微生物群的组成与过敏性疾病或哮喘的发展之间的关系不太一致，这表明在生命的早期，微生物的接触扮演着更重要的角色。不同的研究报告结果也不同，原因可能是设计、研究群体、诊断标准、微生物群分析方法及分类水平的不同所导致的。更大规模的研究能更好地解释产前和产后因素，这将进一步有助于确定与过敏和哮喘风险增加相关的特定微生物肠道特征。这将帮助我们更早的识别高危婴儿，并促进预防及治疗这些疾病的新战略和干预措施的进步，甚至包括在生命早期修改肠道微生物群。
Association between the intestinal microbiota and allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma: A systematic review
Petra Zimmermann, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in development of the immune system and regulation of immune responses. This review summarizes the association between the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma in neonates and children. Overall, a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae is associated with the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, or asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity can be associated with the development of allergic disease. The association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic disease or asthma is less consistent in older children than in neonates, suggesting that early-life microbial exposure plays a more important role. Inconsistencies in the results reported from different studies might partly be explained by heterogeneity in design, study populations, diagnostic criteria, microbiota analysis methods, and reporting on different taxonomic levels. Larger studies that better account for antenatal and postnatal factors will further help determine specific microbial intestinal signatures associated with increased risk of allergy and asthma. This will enable the early identification of infants at high risk and facilitate novel strategies and interventions to prevent and treat these conditions, including modifying the intestinal microbiota early in life.
肠道微生物群在免疫系统发育和调控中起着重要作用。本文详述了新生儿和儿童肠道微生物群与增敏、湿疹和哮喘的关系。总的来说，相对丰度较高的杆菌科、梭菌科和肠杆菌科以及相对丰度较低的双歧杆菌科和乳酸菌科与增敏、湿疹或哮喘的发生有关。细菌多样性的减少可能与变应性疾病的发生有关。与新生儿相比，年龄较大的儿童肠道微生物群的组成与过敏性疾病或哮喘的发展之间的关系不太一致，这表明在生命的早期，微生物的接触扮演着更重要的角色。不同的研究报告结果也不同，原因可能是设计、研究群体、诊断标准、微生物群分析方法及分类水平的不同所导致的。更大规模的研究能更好地解释产前和产后因素，这将进一步有助于确定与过敏和哮喘风险增加相关的特定微生物肠道特征。这将帮助我们更早的识别高危婴儿，并促进预防及治疗这些疾病的新战略和干预措施的进步，甚至包括在生命早期修改肠道微生物群。
(中国医科大学附属一院呼吸与危重症学科 李文扬 摘译 杨冬 审校)
(Petra Zimmermann, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec.)
(Petra Zimmermann, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec.)
Association between the intestinal microbiota and allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma: A systematic review
Petra Zimmermann, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in development of the immune system and regulation of immune responses. This review summarizes the association between the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma in neonates and children. Overall, a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae is associated with the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, or asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity can be associated with the development of allergic disease. The association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic disease or asthma is less consistent in older children than in neonates, suggesting that early-life microbial exposure plays a more important role. Inconsistencies in the results reported from different studies might partly be explained by heterogeneity in design, study populations, diagnostic criteria, microbiota analysis methods, and reporting on different taxonomic levels. Larger studies that better account for antenatal and postnatal factors will further help determine specific microbial intestinal signatures associated with increased risk of allergy and asthma. This will enable the early identification of infants at high risk and facilitate novel strategies and interventions to prevent and treat these conditions, including modifying the intestinal microbiota early in life.
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