肠道微生物群与过敏致敏，湿疹和哮喘之间的关联：一项系统综述
2019/01/09
摘要
肠道微生物群在免疫系统的发育和免疫应答的调节中起重要作用。本综述总结了在新生儿和儿童中肠道微生物群与过敏致敏、湿疹、哮喘发展之间的关系。总体而言，相对较高的类杆菌科、梭菌科和肠杆菌科，以及相对较低的双歧杆菌科和乳杆菌科，与过敏致敏、湿疹或哮喘的发生有关。细菌多样性的减少可能与过敏性疾病的发生发展有关。肠道微生物群的组成与过敏性疾病或哮喘的发生发展之间的关联在年龄较大的儿童中不如新生儿那么一致，这表明早期微生物暴露起着更重要的作用。不同研究报告结果不一致部分原因可能是研究设计、研究人群、诊断标准、微生物群分析方法和不同分类水平等异质性。一些能更好地解释产前和产后因素的大型研究能够进一步帮助确定与过敏和哮喘风险增加相关的特定微生物肠道特征。这将有助于早期识别高风险婴儿，并促进产生预防和治疗这些疾病的新策略和干预措施，包括在生命早期改变肠道微生物群。
Association between the intestinal microbiota and allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma: A systematic review.
Zimmermann P, Messina N, Mohn WW, Finlay BB, Curtis N.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in development of the immune system and regulation of immune responses. This review summarizes the association between the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma in neonates and children. Overall, a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae is associated with the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, or asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity can be associated with the development of allergic disease. The association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic disease or asthma is less consistent in older children than in neonates, suggesting that early-life microbial exposure plays a more important role. Inconsistencies in the results reported from different studies might partly be explained by heterogeneity in design, study populations, diagnostic criteria, microbiota analysis methods, and reporting on different taxonomic levels. Larger studies that better account for antenatal and postnatal factors will further help determine specific microbial intestinal signatures associated with increased risk of allergy and asthma. This will enable the early identification of infants at high risk and facilitate novel strategies and interventions to prevent and treat these conditions, including modifying the intestinal microbiota early in life.
肠道微生物群在免疫系统的发育和免疫应答的调节中起重要作用。本综述总结了在新生儿和儿童中肠道微生物群与过敏致敏、湿疹、哮喘发展之间的关系。总体而言，相对较高的类杆菌科、梭菌科和肠杆菌科，以及相对较低的双歧杆菌科和乳杆菌科，与过敏致敏、湿疹或哮喘的发生有关。细菌多样性的减少可能与过敏性疾病的发生发展有关。肠道微生物群的组成与过敏性疾病或哮喘的发生发展之间的关联在年龄较大的儿童中不如新生儿那么一致，这表明早期微生物暴露起着更重要的作用。不同研究报告结果不一致部分原因可能是研究设计、研究人群、诊断标准、微生物群分析方法和不同分类水平等异质性。一些能更好地解释产前和产后因素的大型研究能够进一步帮助确定与过敏和哮喘风险增加相关的特定微生物肠道特征。这将有助于早期识别高风险婴儿，并促进产生预防和治疗这些疾病的新策略和干预措施，包括在生命早期改变肠道微生物群。
(中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 顾宪民 摘译 林江涛 审校)
(J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec 29. pii: S0091-6749(18)31431-3.)
(J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec 29. pii: S0091-6749(18)31431-3.)
Association between the intestinal microbiota and allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma: A systematic review.
Zimmermann P, Messina N, Mohn WW, Finlay BB, Curtis N.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in development of the immune system and regulation of immune responses. This review summarizes the association between the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma in neonates and children. Overall, a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae is associated with the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, or asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity can be associated with the development of allergic disease. The association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic disease or asthma is less consistent in older children than in neonates, suggesting that early-life microbial exposure plays a more important role. Inconsistencies in the results reported from different studies might partly be explained by heterogeneity in design, study populations, diagnostic criteria, microbiota analysis methods, and reporting on different taxonomic levels. Larger studies that better account for antenatal and postnatal factors will further help determine specific microbial intestinal signatures associated with increased risk of allergy and asthma. This will enable the early identification of infants at high risk and facilitate novel strategies and interventions to prevent and treat these conditions, including modifying the intestinal microbiota early in life.
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