在中欧斯洛伐克四十年来职业性哮喘的变化
2018/10/24
摘要
背景：职业性哮喘是工业化国家最常见的职业性肺病；然而，在西欧，职业性哮喘的流行下降和病因的变化已经被记录。中欧过去的医疗和经济领域有所不同，来自中欧的数据很少见。
目的：这项研究的目的是为了发现在斯洛伐克共和国长达四十年的时间里与职业性哮喘相关的变化。
方法：这项研究包括了1980-2016年间报告的职业性哮喘患者。所有的职业性哮喘病例被分为四十年。评估职业性哮喘的患病率、病因变化及主要诊断方法。分析和比较十年之间的情况。
结果：在1980-2016年间，报告了155例职业性哮喘患者。职业性哮喘在第二个十年中最常见(每年6.4例)，在第三个十年中确诊的病例最少(每年2.1例)。自1988年以来，观察到职业性哮喘的患病率普遍增加，在1992年达到高峰，随后在随后的几年中显著下降。在第四个十年，职业性哮喘的病因有轻微的增加。在前二十年中，农业过敏原是主要的过敏原，在过去十年中被化学因素所取代。1980-2009年最常用的主要诊断方法是皮肤测试，在第四个十年中，这种方法的重要性下降了。然而，特异性BPT在第四个十年中使用得更为频繁。
结论：农业过敏原引起的职业性哮喘病例数下降，与职业性哮喘病例总数下降有关。目前的问题是化学品引起的职业性哮喘在过去的十年中显著增加，即使是在未确诊的职业性哮喘病例中仍然存在。
Changes in occupational asthma during four decades in Slovakia, Central Europe.
Perečinský S1, Murínová L2, Kalanin P3, Jančová A4, Legáth Ľ5.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Occupational asthma (OA) is the most common occupational lung disease in industrialized countries; however, in Western Europe, a decline in the prevalence of OA and changes in etiological factors has been recorded. Data from Central Europe, where in the past healthcare and economy sectors were different, are rare.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to discover the changes related to OA during a four decade long period in the Slovak Republic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients whom OA was reported during 1980-2016. All cases of OA were divided into four decades. The prevalence of OA, changes in etiological factors and key diagnostic methods were evaluated. All decades were analysed separately and compared to one another.
RESULTS: During 1980-2016, OA was reported in 155 patients. OA was most often found in the second decade (6.4 cases per year), the lowest number of cases was diagnosed in the third decade (2.1 cases per year). Since 1988, an increasing prevalence of OA was observed with the peak in 1992, followed by the significantly progressive decrease during subsequent years. In the fourth decade, a mild increase in OA causes was recorded again. In the first and second decades, agricultural allergens were the dominant agents, which were replaced by chemical factors in the last decade. The most frequently used key diagnostic methods in 1980-2009 were skin tests, during the fourth decade the importance of this method declined. However, specific BPT a serial BPT were more frequently used in the fourth decade.
CONCLUSION: The number of OA cases induced by agricultural allergens declined, which was connected with a decrease of total OA cases. The current problem is the OA induced by the chemicals, which increased significantly in the last decade, even the possibility of underdiagnosed OA cases still exists.
背景：职业性哮喘是工业化国家最常见的职业性肺病；然而，在西欧，职业性哮喘的流行下降和病因的变化已经被记录。中欧过去的医疗和经济领域有所不同，来自中欧的数据很少见。
目的：这项研究的目的是为了发现在斯洛伐克共和国长达四十年的时间里与职业性哮喘相关的变化。
方法：这项研究包括了1980-2016年间报告的职业性哮喘患者。所有的职业性哮喘病例被分为四十年。评估职业性哮喘的患病率、病因变化及主要诊断方法。分析和比较十年之间的情况。
结果：在1980-2016年间，报告了155例职业性哮喘患者。职业性哮喘在第二个十年中最常见(每年6.4例)，在第三个十年中确诊的病例最少(每年2.1例)。自1988年以来，观察到职业性哮喘的患病率普遍增加，在1992年达到高峰，随后在随后的几年中显著下降。在第四个十年，职业性哮喘的病因有轻微的增加。在前二十年中，农业过敏原是主要的过敏原，在过去十年中被化学因素所取代。1980-2009年最常用的主要诊断方法是皮肤测试，在第四个十年中，这种方法的重要性下降了。然而，特异性BPT在第四个十年中使用得更为频繁。
结论：农业过敏原引起的职业性哮喘病例数下降，与职业性哮喘病例总数下降有关。目前的问题是化学品引起的职业性哮喘在过去的十年中显著增加，即使是在未确诊的职业性哮喘病例中仍然存在。
（中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 禹汶伯 摘译 林江涛 审校）
（Ann Agric Environ Med.2018 Sep 25;25(3):437-442.）
（Ann Agric Environ Med.2018 Sep 25;25(3):437-442.）
Changes in occupational asthma during four decades in Slovakia, Central Europe.
Perečinský S1, Murínová L2, Kalanin P3, Jančová A4, Legáth Ľ5.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Occupational asthma (OA) is the most common occupational lung disease in industrialized countries; however, in Western Europe, a decline in the prevalence of OA and changes in etiological factors has been recorded. Data from Central Europe, where in the past healthcare and economy sectors were different, are rare.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to discover the changes related to OA during a four decade long period in the Slovak Republic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients whom OA was reported during 1980-2016. All cases of OA were divided into four decades. The prevalence of OA, changes in etiological factors and key diagnostic methods were evaluated. All decades were analysed separately and compared to one another.
RESULTS: During 1980-2016, OA was reported in 155 patients. OA was most often found in the second decade (6.4 cases per year), the lowest number of cases was diagnosed in the third decade (2.1 cases per year). Since 1988, an increasing prevalence of OA was observed with the peak in 1992, followed by the significantly progressive decrease during subsequent years. In the fourth decade, a mild increase in OA causes was recorded again. In the first and second decades, agricultural allergens were the dominant agents, which were replaced by chemical factors in the last decade. The most frequently used key diagnostic methods in 1980-2009 were skin tests, during the fourth decade the importance of this method declined. However, specific BPT a serial BPT were more frequently used in the fourth decade.
CONCLUSION: The number of OA cases induced by agricultural allergens declined, which was connected with a decrease of total OA cases. The current problem is the OA induced by the chemicals, which increased significantly in the last decade, even the possibility of underdiagnosed OA cases still exists.
