兴趣缺失与吸烟动机之间的关系
2009/09/17
前言:兴趣缺失属于情感范畴,许多文献显示,兴趣缺失是导致戒烟效果不佳的原因之一。但有关兴趣缺失与吸烟之间关系的机制研究较少。本试验旨在研究(a)兴趣缺失与动机相关的吸烟特征之间的关系;及(b)兴趣缺失是否能降低戒烟对吸烟欲望和吸烟厌恶的影响。
方法:基线状态下,对212名吸烟≥5支/天的吸烟者完成兴趣缺失和吸烟特征检测。部分研究对象被随机分成下列2组:(a)研究前12h停止吸烟组(n=51)(b)和随意吸烟组(n=69)。
结果:兴趣缺失严重的吸烟者既往企图戒烟失败的次数相对较多,且戒烟后往往在24h内复吸(rs >0.20, ps <0 .05)。兴趣缺失并不一直与吸烟程度、长期吸烟化及依赖动机相关。兴趣缺失能明显缓解戒烟对吸烟欲望的影响,即在兴趣缺失严重的吸烟者中,戒烟对吸烟欲望的影响(beta = 0.64)强于兴趣缺失程度较低的吸烟者(beta = 0.23)。兴趣缺失不能降低戒烟对吸烟厌恶的影响。上述结果即使是在对基线状态负向情感进行控制后同样存在。
讨论:上述结果显示,兴趣缺失与戒烟后复吸有关。对于存在兴趣缺失的吸烟者,上述结果有益于开发新的戒烟干预措施。
(刘国梁 审校)
Leventhal AM, Waters AJ, Kahler CW, et al.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2009 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
Relations between anhedonia and smoking motivation.
Leventhal AM, Waters AJ, Kahler CW, Ray LA, Sussman S.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA. adam_leventhal@brown.edu.
INTRODUCTION: A growing literature suggests that anhedonia-an affective dimension related to the inability to experience pleasure-is associated with poor smoking cessation outcomes. Despite these findings, research of the motivational mechanisms linking anhedonia and smoking has been limited. Accordingly, the present study examined (a) relationships between anhedonia and motivationally relevant smoking characteristics and (b) whether anhedonia moderated the effects of tobacco deprivation on appetitive and aversive aspects of smoking urges.
METHODS: Smokers (N = 212; >/=5 cigarettes/day) first attended a baseline session during which measures of anhedonia and smoking characteristics were completed. Prior to a subsequent experimental session, a portion of participants were randomized to one of two groups: (a) 12-hr tobacco deprivation before the session (n = 51) and (b) ad libitum smoking (n = 69).
RESULTS: Smokers with higher levels of anhedonia reported a greater number of past failed quit attempts and a higher proportion of quit attempts that ended in rapid relapse within 24 hr, rs > .20, ps < .05. Anhedonia did not consistently correlate with smoking heaviness, chronicity, and dependence motives. Anhedonia significantly moderated the influence of tobacco deprivation on appetitive smoking urges, such that deprivation effects on appetitive urges were stronger in high anhedonia smokers (beta = .64) than in low anhedonia smokers (beta = .23). Anhedonia did not moderate deprivation effects on aversive smoking urges. This pattern of results remained robust when controlling for baseline negative affect.
DISCUSSION: These findings elucidate anhedonia’s link with smoking relapse and could be useful for developing cessation interventions for anhedonic smokers.
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公共场所禁烟能提高1年内安非他酮和戒烟咨询的戒烟效果
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纵向分析戒烟特异性社会支持和戒烟