交通噪音在交通相关空气污染与儿童肺功能的关系中的作用
2017/07/24
摘要
交通噪音与交通相关空气污染具有共同来源，尽管已有研究表明，交通相关空气污染对儿童肺功能有不良影响，尚无研究显示交通噪音对此相关性的影响。
选择加利福尼亚州南部的儿童为研究对象，评估其所处空间的噪音暴露量（Ldn, dB）、高速或非高速公路的氮氧化物排放浓度（NOx, ppb），并测试研究对象的用力肺活量（FVC, n=1345）、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1, n=1332)以及是否患有哮喘等结果。使用混合效应模型分析在调整或不调整噪音的情况下，交通相关NOx与这些结果的联系。
经调整噪音，NOx与降低肺功能的相关性增强，加入噪音的非线性函数后，高速公路NOx每增加四分位数间距（13.6 ppb），对应的FVC下降量由原来的14.5ml（95%置信区间，-40.0, 11.0mL）增加至34.6mL(95%置信区间，-66.3, -2.78mL)。同样，高速公路NOx每增加四分位数间距对应的FEV1下降量由原来的6.54mL（95%置信区间，-28.3, 15.3mL）增加至21.1mL（95%置信区间，-47.6, 5.51mL）。
结果表明，在可能的情况下，噪音应该被纳入到交通相关空气污染与肺功能相关性的流行病学研究中。如果不考虑噪音，由交通相关污染所造成的有害影响可能会被低估。
The role of traffic noise on the association between air pollution and children's lung function.
Franklin M, Fruin S.
Abstract
Although it has been shown that traffic-related air pollution adversely affects children's lung function, few studies have examined the influence of traffic noise on this association, despite both sharing a common source.
Estimates of noise exposure (Ldn, dB), and freeway and non-freeway emission concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx, ppb) were spatially assigned to children in Southern California who were tested for forced vital capacity (FVC, n=1345), forced expiratory volume in 1s, (FEV1, n=1332), and asthma. The associations between traffic-related NOx and these outcomes, with and without adjustment for noise, were examined using mixed effects models.
Adjustment for noise strengthened the association between NOx and reduced lung function. A 14.5mL (95% CI -40.0, 11.0mL) decrease in FVC per interquartile range (13.6 ppb) in freeway NOx was strengthened to a 34.6mL decrease after including a non-linear function of noise (95% CI -66.3, -2.78mL). Similarly, a 6.54mL decrease in FEV1 (95% CI -28.3, 15.3mL) was strengthened to a 21.1mL decrease (95% CI -47.6, 5.51) per interquartile range in freeway NOx.
Our results indicate that where possible, noise should be included in epidemiological studies of the association between traffic-related air pollution on lung function. Without taking noise into account, the detrimental effects of traffic-related pollution may be underestimated.
Environ Res. 2017 Aug;157:153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 May 27.
交通噪音与交通相关空气污染具有共同来源，尽管已有研究表明，交通相关空气污染对儿童肺功能有不良影响，尚无研究显示交通噪音对此相关性的影响。
选择加利福尼亚州南部的儿童为研究对象，评估其所处空间的噪音暴露量（Ldn, dB）、高速或非高速公路的氮氧化物排放浓度（NOx, ppb），并测试研究对象的用力肺活量（FVC, n=1345）、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1, n=1332)以及是否患有哮喘等结果。使用混合效应模型分析在调整或不调整噪音的情况下，交通相关NOx与这些结果的联系。
经调整噪音，NOx与降低肺功能的相关性增强，加入噪音的非线性函数后，高速公路NOx每增加四分位数间距（13.6 ppb），对应的FVC下降量由原来的14.5ml（95%置信区间，-40.0, 11.0mL）增加至34.6mL(95%置信区间，-66.3, -2.78mL)。同样，高速公路NOx每增加四分位数间距对应的FEV1下降量由原来的6.54mL（95%置信区间，-28.3, 15.3mL）增加至21.1mL（95%置信区间，-47.6, 5.51mL）。
结果表明，在可能的情况下，噪音应该被纳入到交通相关空气污染与肺功能相关性的流行病学研究中。如果不考虑噪音，由交通相关污染所造成的有害影响可能会被低估。
(复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸科 胡湘麟摘译 杨冬审校)
(Environ Res. 2017 Aug;157:153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 May 27.)
(Environ Res. 2017 Aug;157:153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 May 27.)
The role of traffic noise on the association between air pollution and children's lung function.
Franklin M, Fruin S.
Abstract
Although it has been shown that traffic-related air pollution adversely affects children's lung function, few studies have examined the influence of traffic noise on this association, despite both sharing a common source.
Estimates of noise exposure (Ldn, dB), and freeway and non-freeway emission concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx, ppb) were spatially assigned to children in Southern California who were tested for forced vital capacity (FVC, n=1345), forced expiratory volume in 1s, (FEV1, n=1332), and asthma. The associations between traffic-related NOx and these outcomes, with and without adjustment for noise, were examined using mixed effects models.
Adjustment for noise strengthened the association between NOx and reduced lung function. A 14.5mL (95% CI -40.0, 11.0mL) decrease in FVC per interquartile range (13.6 ppb) in freeway NOx was strengthened to a 34.6mL decrease after including a non-linear function of noise (95% CI -66.3, -2.78mL). Similarly, a 6.54mL decrease in FEV1 (95% CI -28.3, 15.3mL) was strengthened to a 21.1mL decrease (95% CI -47.6, 5.51) per interquartile range in freeway NOx.
Our results indicate that where possible, noise should be included in epidemiological studies of the association between traffic-related air pollution on lung function. Without taking noise into account, the detrimental effects of traffic-related pollution may be underestimated.
Environ Res. 2017 Aug;157:153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 May 27.
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未控制哮喘患者的随访：根据不同控制水平获得哮喘患者的临床特征
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