减少尘螨过敏原水平的家庭试剂盒的功效：随机对照试验的研究结果
2016/05/26
摘要
背景：尘螨过敏原可引起过敏性致敏和哮喘症状加剧。虽然有一些减少和控制尘螨的策略，但极少有哮喘患者使用这些策略。
目的：我们检测一种能够量化尘螨过敏原的水平的家庭试剂盒是否能够使得实施和维护尘螨减少策略有所变化，并帮助减少尘螨过敏性儿童家中的过敏原水平。
方法：我们选取了60户年龄在5-15岁儿童到一个随机对照试验，他们的父母报告他们对尘螨过敏。干预组家庭（N=30）接受关于降低尘螨的培训材料，并在1、2、5、8个月时测试试剂盒。对照组家庭（N=30）只接受培训材料。在基线，6和12个月，研究人员走访了所有的家庭，收集了三个地点的灰尘样本，并通过问卷调查获取有关家长除螨行为的信息。利用免疫试验测定粉尘中过敏原的浓度（Der f 2/Der p2）。调整走访家庭和样本收集位置之后，采用混合效应模型分析对干预和对照家庭的过敏原浓度进行比较。
结果：与对照组家庭相比，在干预组家庭中，儿童卧室和客厅地板的过敏原浓度随着时间的推移显着减少。尽管不是所有地点特异的过敏原浓度的差异都具有显著的统计学意义，但是将数据与位置相结合，与对照组相比，干预组的过敏原浓度有不同程度地降低（P = 0.02）。
结论：家庭试剂盒的使用，加上培训，可能对除螨策略的行为和态度产生有益的影响，有助于减少住宅尘螨的过敏原水平。
（苏欣 审校）
J Asthma. 2016 Mar;53(2):133-8. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1072721. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
Efficacy of an in-home test kit in reducing dust mite allergen levels: results of a randomized controlled pilot study.
Winn AK1, Salo PM1, Klein C2, Sever ML3, Harris SF4, Johndrow D4, Crockett PW4, Cohn RD4, Zeldin DC1.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Dust mite allergens can induce allergic sensitization and exacerbate asthma symptoms. Although dust mite reduction and control strategies exist, few asthmatics employ them.
OBJECTIVES:We examined whether an in-home test kit, which quantifies dust mite allergen levels, resulted in behavioral changes in implementation and maintenance of mite reduction strategies and helped reduce allergen levels in homes of dust mite-sensitive children.
METHODS:We enrolled 60 households of children aged 5-15 with parent-reported dust mite allergy into a randomized controlled trial. Intervention homes (N = 30) received educational material about reducing dust mites and test kits at 1, 2, 5 and 8 months. Control homes (N = 30) received only educational material. At baseline, 6 and 12 months, study staff visited all homes, collected dust samples from three locations and obtained information about parents' mite reduction behaviors by questionnaire. Allergen concentrations (Der f 2/Der p2) in dust were assessed by immunoassays. After adjusting for visit and location, allergen concentrations in intervention and control homes were compared using mixed effects model analysis.
RESULTS:In the intervention homes, allergen concentrations in the child's bedroom and living room floors were significantly reduced over time compared to control homes. Although not all location-specific differences in allergen concentrations were statistically significant, combining data across locations, there was a differential reduction in allergen concentrations in the intervention group versus the control group (p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION:The use of in-home test kits along with education may beneficially influence behaviors and attitudes toward dust mite reduction strategies and help reduce residential dust mite allergen levels.
KEYWORDS:D. farinae; D. pteronyssinus; Dust mites; dust mite allergen; indoor allergens; intervention trials
J Asthma. 2016 Mar;53(2):133-8. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1072721. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
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