气道微生态失调：流感嗜血杆菌和养障体与哮喘控制不良
2016/02/23
摘要
哮喘是一种气道的慢性炎症性疾病，细菌可能在慢性炎症中发挥主要作用。但是对气道炎症和特定细菌类群间的关系知之甚少。我们旨在描述成人痰液微生物与哮喘控制不良的关系。从痰液中提取DNA，微生物群落采用16S rRNA焦磷酸测序进行检测。对细菌种属进行描述，并对微生物种群、哮喘炎症亚型和其他协变量间的关系进行探讨。采用实时定量PCR鉴定痰液中的惠普尔养障体和流感嗜血杆菌。中性粒细胞哮喘的成人患者菌群多样性和物种丰度降低。采用实时定量PCR对12位（40%）受试者的养障体进行识别和确认。嗜血杆菌较常发现在中性粒细胞增加的较年轻男性过敏症患者中。PCR确定了35例(76%)哮喘控制不良的患者存在流感嗜血杆菌。哮喘患者中存在气道微生物的表型特异性改变。在中性粒细胞性哮喘中细菌多样性降低且流感嗜血杆菌高度流行，但是嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘中存在大量惠普尔养障体。
（苏欣 审校）
Eur Respir J. 2015 Dec 2. pii: ERJ-00405-2015. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00405-2015. [Epub ahead of print]
Airway dysbiosis: Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma in poorly controlled asthma.
Simpson JL1, Daly J2, Baines KJ3, Yang IA4, Upham JW5, Reynolds PN6, Hodge S6, James AL7, Hugenholtz P2, Willner D2, Gibson PG8.
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways where bacteria may act as protagonists of chronic inflammation. Little is known about the relation of airway inflammation to the presence of specific bacterial taxa. We sought to describe the sputum microbiome in adults with poorly controlled asthma. DNA was extracted from induced sputum and microbial communities were profiled using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Bacterial species were characterised, and the relationship between microbial populations, asthma inflammatory subtypes and other covariates was explored. Real-time PCR was used to identify Tropheryma whipplei and Haemophilus influenzae in sputum.Adults with neutrophilic asthma had reduced bacterial diversity and species richness. Tropheryma was identified and confirmed with real-time PCR in 12 (40%) participants. Haemophilus occurred most often in a group of younger atopic males with an increased proportion of neutrophils. PCR confirmed the presence of H. influenzae in 35 (76%) participants with poorly controlled asthma. There are phenotype-specific alterations to the airway microbiome in asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity combined with a high prevalence of H. influenzae was observed in neutrophilic asthma, whereas eosinophilic asthma had abundant T. whipplei.
Eur Respir J. 2015 Dec 2. pii: ERJ-00405-2015. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00405-2015. [Epub ahead of print]
