哮喘联盟

   摘要
   虽然已有诸多研究评估哮喘与PM2.5暴露的关系，但结论并不一致。急诊就诊次数是一种有效评估哮喘患者健康状况和PM2.5短期暴露的方法。本综述不限语言、地域，系统搜索了5个数据库从创建之初至2015年1月13日间的相关文献，旨在研究PM2.5对哮喘急诊就诊次数的影响。通过随机效应模型计算出汇总率比（RR）和95%可信区间(CI)。结果：关于短期影响，PM2.5浓度升高时，哮喘急诊就诊次数增加(RR 1.5% per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI: 1.2%-1.7%)；而且，儿童对PM2.5的升高(RR 3.6% per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI: 1.8%-5.3%)较成人(RR 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7%-2.8%)更敏感。在温暖的季节里，PM2.5每升高10μg/m3，则急诊就诊次数增加3.7% (95% CI: 0.5%-6.9%)，且高于寒冷季节(RR 2.6, 95% CI: 0.7%-4.6%)的增加。以上结果表明，空气中PM2.5短期暴露可增加哮喘患者急诊就诊次数。而且，PM2.5浓度升高时，尤其是在温暖季节里，儿童是高危人群。因此，温暖季节里更应该采取措施以避免PM2.5。
 

（杨冬 审校）
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]

 

The impact of PM2.5 on asthma emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
 

Fan J1, Li S, Fan C, Bai Z, Yang K.
 

Abstract
Although the relationship between asthma and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been frequently measured, reported conclusions have not been consistent. As emergency department (ED) visits are an effective way to estimate health outcomes for people with asthma and short-term exposure to PM2.5, this review systematically searched five databases without language or geographical restrictions from inception to January 13, 2015 to study the impact of PM2.5 on asthma ED visits. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). With respect to short-term effects, asthma ED visits increased at higher PM2.5 concentrations (RR 1.5 % per 10 μg/m3; 95 % CI 1.2-1.7 %), and children were more susceptible (3.6 % per 10 μg/m3; 95 % CI 1.8, 5.3 %) than adults (1.7, 95 % CI 0.7 %, 2.8 %) to increased PM2.5; the ED visits increased during the warm season by 3.7 % (95 % CI 0.5, 6.9 %) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, which was higher than the corresponding increase during the cold season (2.6, 95 % CI 0.7-4.6 %). This demonstrates that ambient PM2.5 has an adverse impact on asthma ED visits after short-term exposure and that children are a high-risk population when PM2.5 concentrations are high, particularly in warm seasons, during which measures should be taken to prevent PM2.5.
 

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]