哮喘联盟

   摘要
   目的：研究室外空气污染及气象学参数和因哮喘发作夜间就诊初级保健机构的关系。
   背景：在日本姬路市进行的一项病例交叉研究。
   受试者：受试者为1447名年龄0～14岁的儿童，于2010年4月至2013年3月间因哮喘发作而就诊。
   暴露：测定每日空气污染物浓度及气象学参数。
   初步结果：哮喘发作导致夜间就诊初级保健机构。运用条件logistic回归模型预测初级保健机构就诊次数/每单位空气污染物或气象学参数增量的OR值（颗粒物每单位增量指空气动力学直径≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) ，臭氧分别为10 μg/m(3) 和10 ppb）。分析也将季节性效应纳入其中。
   结果：我们观察到，从4月至6月，初级保健机构就诊量与就诊前一天单日臭氧水平有关（OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35; p=0.04），同样初级保健机构就诊量与就诊前三天平均臭氧水平有关(OR=1.29; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.46; p=0.04)。我们同样观测到，12月至次年3月，初级保健机构就诊量与就诊前一天日PM2.5水平有关(OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.33; p=0.05)。气象学参数，诸如9月至11月的日照时间、4月至6月的气压及4月至8月的气温同样与初级保健机构就诊量有关。
   结论：当前研究结果显示臭氧与初级保健机构就诊量存在关联，并提示某些气象学参数可能与初级保健机构就诊量有关。
 

（苏欣 审校）
BMJ Open. 2015 May 3;5(4):e005736. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005736.

 

Exposure to air pollution and meteorological factors associated with children's primary care visits at night due to asthma attack: case-crossover design for 3-year pooled patients.
 

Yamazaki S1, Shima M2, Yoda Y2, Oka K3, Kurosaka F3, Shimizu S3, Takahashi H3, Nakatani Y3, Nishikawa J3,Fujiwara K3, Mizumori Y3, Mogami A3, Yamada T3, Yamamoto N3.
Author information
 

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:We examined the association of outdoor air pollution and meteorological parameters with primary care visits (PCVs) at night due to asthma attack.
SETTING:A case-crossover study was conducted in a primary care clinic in Himeji City, Japan.
PARTICIPANTS:Participants were 1447 children aged 0-14 years who visited the clinic with an asthma attack from April 2010 until March 2013.
EXPOSURE:Daily concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological parameters were measured.
PRIMARY OUTCOME:PCVs at night due to asthma attack. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate ORs of PCVs per unit increment of air pollutants or meteorological parameters (the per-unit increments of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone were 10 μg/m(3) and 10 ppb, respectively). Analyses took into consideration the effects of seasonality.
RESULTS:We noted an association between PCVs and daily ozone levels on the day before a PCV (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35; p=0.04), as well as between PCVs and 3-day mean ozone levels before a PCV (OR=1.29; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.46; p=0.04), from April until June. We also observed an association between PCVs and daily PM2.5 levels on the day before a PCV from December until March (OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.33; p=0.05). Meteorological parameters, such as hours of sunshine from September until November, atmospheric pressure from April until June, and temperature from April until August, were also found to be associated with PCVs.
CONCLUSIONS:The findings in the present study supported an association between ozone and PCVs and suggest that certain meteorological items may be associated with PCVs.
 

BMJ Open. 2015 May 3;5(4):e005736. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005736.