全球哮喘的发病率呈上升趋势,但哮喘死亡率下降,美国的研究显示从2001年开始,哮喘发病率增加,但急诊看医生和死亡人数下降【7】,加拿大研究发现哮喘死亡率从1999年的每10万人口的13.6到2008年的6.2,10年间内下降了54.4%【8】。在日本兵库县甚至有“零哮喘死亡委员会”【9】。于是学者提出“全球哮喘死亡率下降,我们能因此而放松吗?【10】,事实上哮喘仍然在导致患者死亡,而且过去50年变化不大【11】。如何能减少甚至避免哮喘死亡是临床医生面临的一大难题,英国是欧洲哮喘死亡率最高的国家之一,每周有超过20人死于各种疾病。哮喘死亡国家审查组( the National Review of Asthma Deaths )最近发表文章,报道确定的195例哮喘死亡中有60%的病例是可以避免的,因为调查结果发现几乎一半的患者(45%)死前没有寻求医疗帮助,10%患者死于出院后28天内,21%的患者1年有哮喘急性加重和恶化,只有23%的哮喘患者有个体化管理方案【12】。
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